Effect Of Employee Assistance Programs Essay Example For Students

Impact Of Employee Assistance Programs Essay The Effect of Employee Assistance Programs At the WorkplaceThroughout the business world, probably the biggest issue singular organizations face is the utilization of illicit medications and liquor. These substances extraordinarily influence the business and working environment conditions for some people. Representative help programs were made to help manage increasing substance misuse issues. Representative help programs empower an organizations and its laborers to distinguish if a colleague is having issues and helps in helping them to conquer their issues by offering them guidance or recommending directing. Pundits have seen a few issues with this program. One issue is the absence of secrecy and the way that collaborators and supervisors are reluctant to stand up to their laborers. With the end goal for organizations to limit their loss of cash, and for representatives to quit demolishing their lives and the lives around them, the worker help program is a need. Suitable anticipation and intercession endeavors with representative help projects will spare organizations from losing experienced workers, and spare workers from disappointment and even passing. The most colossal issues that organizations are looking in the Nineties are the maltreatment of medications and liquor. Liquor abuse is characterized as a ceaseless, dynamic, and lethal sickness. The American Medical Association has perceived liquor abuse as a sickness since 1956 (Scanlon 9). A drunkard is recognized as having a serious reliance, or habit, and a combined example of practices related with drinking. Liquor abuse is clear when somebody is oftentimes tanked, having marriage issues, driving while inebriated, getting terminated, or being captured (Drug Abuse). A critical distinction between being a heavy drinker and a medication fanatic is that sedates, regardless of what the age of the client, are illicit. Medication misuse is characterized as the utilization of a medication for a reason other than for its conceivable proposed clinical reason, which makes an individual be weakened genuinely, inwardly, and socially. In the two cases individuals utilize these substances as an approach to escape from their issues, and as a method of delaying up and coming issues in their lives (Scanlon 10). Substance misuse is the abuse of any substance prompting lost authority over psyche and body. Worker help programs were established in 1971, and they: â€Å"Have been attempting to create and keep up the most ideal working environment relationships†¦ EAP individuals observe proficient measures and a severe code of morals, which incorporates a solid promise to secure and maintain confidentiality† (Dickman 7). Representative help programs (EAP) are intended to help with finding and to help in taking care of profitability issues related with workers debilitated by liquor, drugs and whatever other issues that influence the workers work execution. The cost ranges from $12 to $35 per worker for an EAP program. Organizations putting resources into an EAP as opposed to a protection strategy spare somewhere in the range of $5 to $16 per worker (Goldberg 1). This ends up being significantly less expensive for an organization that will incredibly profit by the utilization of this program. Loss of profitability inside an organization is the significant reason for organizations beginning to actualize representative help programs. Organizations free billions of dollars because of substance misuse. The monetary cost put on society from liquor and medication misuse was evaluated at $246 billion out of 1992 and $276.3 billion of every 1995. All out loss of potential profitability coming about because of long haul private treatment of liquor and medication abusers was $2.233 billion. Customers with essential medication issues cost $694 million. Customers with liquor issues cost $577 million, while cross-dependent (Drugs and liquor) customers cost $962 million. 60% of these expenses are credited to misfortunes in the working environment, which is roughly $82 billion in lost expected efficiency (Economic). It is realized that 70% of individuals that take drugs have an occupation (Gerhart 46). The degree of stress achieved in a specific occupation and predominance of medications are straightforwardly identified with one another. The more pressure a vocation causes to its laborers the higher the possibility those laborers have of turning out to be substance abusers. Memory1 Essay A significantly bigger issue with representative help programs is classification. EAP’s have their customers sign structures expressing that everything shared during guiding will stay private, aside from in situations where potential damage might be incurred upon the customer or others. This represents a possible issue. In most substance misuse cases the worker, could hurt oneself or another person, regardless of whether the damage is done legitimately or in a roundabout way, because of the probability of this difficult individuals are losing their positions says Beason, a correspondent for the â€Å"The Seattle Times†. Numerous individuals catch wind of these cases and don’t trust their advisors or the worker help program. The customers discussing their issues add to their opportunity of losing their employment. As expressed in a business magazine, a specialist was discovered mishandling drugs by his manager. His boss sent him to a representative help advisor for help as opposed to terminating him. The representative told the guide that he got refered to for driving while inebriated. The worker was later terminated (Beason C1). Most specialists that perceive their substance misuse issues won't trouble finding support because of the dread of losing their employment and pride. Worker help programs are in actuality the best path for organizations to manage diminished efficiency and substance misuse issues influencing their significant representatives. Overlooking the issue of substance maltreatment in the work environment can cost organizations considerable measures of cash and potentially their employee’s life. The high recuperation rates from these projects demonstrate their viability. This program depends on the conviction that these issues can be effectively settled if the representative is happy to look for help and seek after guiding. At long last, the consequence of utilizing worker help programs, help to improve the work atmosphere help representatives with individual issues that influence their activity execution. Business Reports

Domestic Violence and Ethical Dilemma Worksheet Essay

1.What is the moral issue or issue? Recognize the issue concisely. The moral issue that the cops didn't noticeably observe the spouse drive his vehicle they just presume that he did so therefor they can't capture him on a DUI 2.What are the most significant realities? Which realities have the most bearing on the moral choice introduced? Incorporate any significant expected monetary, social, or political weights, and avoid unimportant realities. The most significant realities would be what the cops watched. The spouse faltering up to the entryway him additionally is bumbling with his keys the hood of the vehicle being warm. Notwithstanding the spouse being noticeable inebriated with slurred discourse and bombing a collectedness test. Anyway the most significant factor is official Nixon’s experience and him having the option to give reasonable justification to a capture. 3.Identify every inquirer (key entertainer) who has an enthusiasm for the result of this moral issue. From the point of view of the good agentâ€the individual mulling over a moral course of actionâ€what commitment is owed to the petitioner? Why? Petitioner (key actor)Obligation (owed to the claimant)Perspective (What does the petitioner expectation will occur?) HusbandJusticesThe spouse will attempt to abstain from being captured and conceivable indicted for abusive behavior at home and driving impaired. Spouse Fidelity May not need her significant other being captured anyway she might want to have a sense of security in her own home. What's more, she doesn't need her significant other to hurt somebody or execute them while he is driving smashed. Official NixonFidelity Needs to have the option to shield the spouse from her harsh husband and the residents. Anyway in his vow he took he needs to keep the law. Official RookBeneficenceWould be equivalent to official Nixon anyway with him being new hands on his choice in this circumstance could influence his future choices. Residents of the communityFidelityCitizens need to have a sense of security in their locale.

Dougy James Moloney Essays

Dougy James Moloney Essays Dougy James Moloney Essay Dougy James Moloney Essay How is the idea of progress investigated in your endorsed content DOUGY by James Moloney? Change is a procedure and alludes to the demonstration or example of getting extraordinary. Dougy, the hero in James Moloney’s tale Dougy, experiences an individual change of character bringing about development, development and goals. Moloney utilizes a scope of strategies to outline the regular and positive change Dougy encounters. Dougy recounts to the account of an Aboriginal kid and his excursion to a positive self-personality. It is set in a little contemporary Queensland town and relates the racial strains between the Aboriginal and the Anglo-Australian populace. Disdain and uninformed perspectives bring about a racial war, creating, rising and receeding inside the equal activity of the flood. Inside this system we follow the individual changes Dougy experiences as he receives techniques to manage the heightening savagery and resulting catastrophe. Dougy encounters individual issues that leave him feeling useless, sad and socially deficient. The primary individual story structure implies our comprehension of Dougy is formed from his point of view. Dougy doesn't present himself until section two and the utilization of shortened sentences and the language with negative meanings sets up his low confidence and the absence of personality, ‘My names Dougy. I’m no one much. ‘Dougy is basic about his physical make-up, scholarly capacity and social abilities, exhibited through the individual voice and reiteration of ‘I’ and the emotive utilization of ‘still’ †‘I’m the tallest child in the entire school yet I don’t like that much†¦ I’ve consistently been thin, extraordinarily my arms and legs’. Dougy uncovered his poor scholarly capacity through the reiteration of negative implications towards himself and his character. †‘I am bad at perusing and correcting eh! Very little great at anything. Me I remain here around for school, Even however I simply turned thirteen, I’m still in Grade six, still in elementary school. ’’ Furthermore, Dougy receives the injurious language of the predominant white culture comparable to his race, fortifying his absence of positive personality, ‘eh’, ‘Abo’ and ‘boong’. The utilization of conversational language makes Dougy’s scrape increasingly reasonable while empowering sympathy from the peruser. Dougy changes in light of the position he is constrained into because of the ‘war’ that breaks out between the blacks and whites. The regular components, the warmth and the waterway, fill in as themes for the rising and deceptive racial strain stewing under the town’s surface, peaking when a race war starts, as the stream floods and lowers the town. He is compelled to settle on choices and go about as a result he finds out about himself and his Aboriginality. As the contention between the whites and blacks raise, it is laced with the shaky flood that gravitates toward to the corridor where Dougy, Gracey and Raymond are caught in. Dougy is constrained in a position where he put his obscure key capacities into required use as the stream is consistently emerging taking steps to suffocate them. Dougy’s quick intuition during the disaster spares the lives of his kin, subsequently dynamic in creating positive sentiments of self-esteem and personality. As the decimation unfurls, Dougy’s sureness of the Moodagudda’s nearness around Gracie is treated with deference as the describe during the emergency ended up being reality. By the novel’s end Dougy has experienced a constructive individual change. Moloney utilizes differentiate as a key strategy to shape our comprehension of his change to a positive feeling of self, worth and personality. Dougy’s positive way is announced through choice makings towards his mom and standard, filling in as a positive adjustment inside his feeling of self. Dougy is fuelled with certainty and inspiration,’ But I said straight out,’’ Mum, I’m mature enough. Also, I’m sufficiently large. I need to be in secondary school. ’ Dougy’s self-esteem has been changed through his social acknowledgment and belongingness among the town’s individuals. ’’ I educated individuals concerning seeing the Moodagudda and how it snatched Gracie†¦and I knew the vast majority of them trusted me. Some even returned for me to recount to the story again and again and they weren’t ridiculing me like they use d to do with a portion of the old chaps who recounted to the story. ’’ The acknowledgment from his individual individuals develops a more grounded association with his Aboriginal culture and character, stopping the negative meanings towards his conceived personality. ’ So now I’m in secondary school all things considered. Also, at this school, there’s a crowd that do the old dreamtime dances†¦ when they found out about Gracey and me and the Moodagudda, they requested that I join. ‘’ Serving as a stand out from his previous obliviousness and recommend he will sustain his way of life through this convention. In this way, change can be a positive procedure that happens normally, prompting a genuine feeling of personality and incentive as confirm in the character and novel of a similar name, Dougy by James Moloney.

NBA relates to Popular Culture of America Essay

NBA identifies with Popular Culture of America - Essay Example Moreover, the various points of interest the NBA offers clarify why American individuals grasp the game and remember it as a feature of their mainstream society. The National Basketball Association has been around since the nineteenth century and has experienced various changes since its creation: â€Å"Dr. James A. Naismith designed the sport of b-ball in 1891† (Staffo). Be that as it may, the classes have met different hardships during the time since their usage. The street was troublesome and loaded up with different difficulties as individuals get familiar with their way through, improve and grow the classes. This pundit illuminates: â€Å"Until the ongoing flood in prevalence of the NBA, proficient b-ball groups had driven questionable presences. Proficient ball classes started as ahead of schedule as 1898 just seven years after the creation of the game, yet regularly proficient trouping groups were more successful† (Nelson). This difficult learning process prompts the effective business we know today. Consistently, the association has known various names, expanded the quantity of groups and even changed the arrangement of the classes. A considerable lot of the names of the groups were not quite the same as what we know today, and obviously some were more fruitful than others. This announcement shows: â€Å"The writing on the historical backdrop of expert b-ball is incredibly meager preceding the development of the NBA in 1950. What has been composed recognizes the predominance of the Celtics, however by and large reuses similar stories in regards to them† (Nelson). This absence of intrigue mirrors the degree of the association during that time, which didn't have a lot of fame. Likewise, the contrasts between the old groups and the present ones are impressively striking in practically all viewpoints. They may even be confounding in the event that we realize that the present Celtics are in Boston while the old group was in New York. Thi s noteworthy detail might be difficult to comprehend for those not mindful of the NBA history. In any case, paying little heed to its area, the group appears to have consistently been effective. This attestation uncovers: â€Å"Probably the most well known and, apparently, the best was the Original Celtics of New York, a group drafted into the Naismith Hall of Fame in 1959† (Nelson). Additionally, proficient ball has not generally been conspicuous; it was really a game for the lower class, particularly African Americans. These ethnic groups’ failure to bear the cost of school forces them to become experts with the want to acquire cash and improve their day to day environments. As per this creator: â€Å"College b-ball was the round of the center and high societies, while proficient b-ball, as of late expelled from the settlement places of ethnic neighborhoods, was the round of the lower class and the ethnic center class† (Nelson). This contrast between school ba ll and the NBA thoroughly clashes with what we know today since proficient b-ball has gotten all the more capably and effective. This ongoing accomplishment of the NBA accompanies a lot of ubiquity on the grounds that numerous individuals grasp the game and make it their own. This ubiquity clarifies why NBA has become some portion of American mainstream society on the grounds that various individuals purchase costly passes to go to games or buy in to satellite TV to follow their preferred groups.

My Summer Vacation Essays - 9, Radio Free Europe, Exit Light

My Summer Vacation After radio murdered the video star, we couldn't generally get a lot higher (which implies that we most likely didn't light the fire). So now we're out and about once more, running down a fantasy (missed that flight of stairs to paradise 'cause we were running with the fallen angel). In any case, we despite everything feel that we're tough as nails and difficult to deal with; we should really be the unforgiven (despite the fact that, as a few of us are pursuing what they believe are Barbie young ladies where the young men are just to discover that the buddy seems as though a woman, we're entirely carrying on in the club toward the finish of the road). What's more, presently the day is blurring quick (leave light, enter night) thus we would do well to be moving down the waterway to the following city. As we meandered where we needed to, searching for some spot to eat, we found the Hotels California and Heartbreak off of Exit 29. We had our transport driver, Trigger Happy Jack, drive by a go-go to get to a decent eatery. Also, as we sat, tasting out pina coladas and eating our cheeseburgers in Paradise Caf? with Tootsie Rolls for desert, we thought about whether we'd ever make it to Margaritaville. At that point conversation changed to different themes like ridiculous Sunday, without radio Europe, and what it resembles to live in a yellow submarine. At last, we chose to see a rocket man go into space. In the long run, we made it to the dispatch site, without a moment to spare. We watched the dispatch from up and down the watchtower, and saw Major Tom enter the Crystal Ship to go to the moon and back. We at that point concluded the time had come to return to sweet home Alabama, trusting our new transport driver (he said to simply call him Al) knew the way home. Our primary issue was to not stress, however be glad, about returning in time for school (particularly since one of our number was hot for instructor). So we took the school blue and whipped them, simply tolerating that we'd need to hold up until the following quarter break to shake the cazbah. The End.

Richard III Behind-the-scenes

Richard III Behind-the-scenes [by Grace Kane 11, Guest Blogger] Yes, everyone; shocking as it may seem, MIT has a thriving student theater scene. Though MIT theater is not as large-scale or well-known as that of its nearby Ivy-league counterpart, there is still a contingent of incredibly talented, committed people who manage to struggle through their exams and psets and still put on a series of fantastic shows each term. This term Ive been incredibly lucky to be a part of a production of Richard III by the MIT Shakespeare Ensemble, one of our four main student theater groups (Musical Theater Guild, Gilbert Sullivan Players, and Dramashop being the other three). The cast and crew (of which many of us are both) are now almost finished with a month of very hard work, excitement, creativity, superhumanly fast costume changes and late-night power-tool construction and are incredibly proud of what weve created. Heres a short behind-the-scenes look at the process of bringing our collective baby, Richard III to the stage. Grace Kane 11 and Chris Smith 12 as Lady Anne and Richard. When most people think of Shakespeare they imagine old English men in ruffs reciting iambic pentameter at arms length to a skull. Nothing could be further from our production, which sets Shakespeares playwritten about a fifteenth-century civil warin an alternate version of modern-day America. Director Susanna Harris Noon says that when reading the play she began to see parallels between the ambitious King Richard IIIs murderous rise to the throne and the power-hungry politicians of today. This created some interesting challenges for both directors, designers, and actors. And, Ill admit, rather appropriate for a theater group that primarily uses its fake Yoric-from-Hamlet skull as a cookie bowl. I asked each of the prod staff how they approached bringing Richard III to life. Starting Out: Envisioning the Play (Susanna Harris Noon, Director) When I first sat down with the script, I was honestly mostly worried about the length. It took me a month to cut down what turns out to be Shakespeares second longest play (next to Hamlet), to a running time of about 2 hours. I started out thinking of all the fun ways to play with setting it in a modern context. A scene in a bar. A press conference. Business meetings. However, some things didnt change (for instance, Richard and his cohorts all wear ceremonial daggers). I love that we changed many of the genders of the characters; having women involved in the politics makes it much more relevant to today. My goal is to direct a show that gives both the actors and the audience something to explore. Performing Shakespeare is absolutely one of the more rewarding experiences an actor can havethe deeper you go into these characters and the text, the more he gives you. Elise Kuo 11 curses the rest of the cast as Mad Margaret. Designing the Show One of the most fun parts of working on a show is being on the design team. The light, set, costume, props, hair make-up, and effects designers all have to work together to bring the directors vision to life, adding quite a bit of their own vision along the way. Some of our team were taught their skills in one of MITs many fantastic theater classes, while others simply joined a theater group and learned by doing. I asked some of them to talk about how they rose to the challenge of designing the show. Lights (Dan Perez 10) As a starting point for the lighting design, I was inspired by the artwork of Shepard Fairey and Frank Miller, among others. Their almost sculptural portraits and use of a restricted color palette seemed like a great foundation for the aesthetic of the alternate United States we were trying to create for Richard III. The elements of both artists work complemented the monochromatic scenic design and the contained use of color in the costume design. By choosing some specific images and collaborating with the director and other designers, the lighting design was driven in a direction much more exciting and compelling than if I wouldve approached the show without any research. It is composed of severly angled lights and shadows that are filled in with saturated colors and graphic textures. Once I had a good sense of what the show should look like and had seen a couple of rehearsals, I created a light plot (a map of the theater detailing where lights should be placed) and chose color filt ers that would achieve the looks of each individual scene. An example of one of the lighting effects used. Scenic Design (Kellas Cameron 10, Set Designer, and Grace Kane 11, Scenic Painter) Scenic desing involves two main challenges: building a set that fulfills the practical needs of the play and also capturing the plays themes and ideas. Because of Richard IIIs modern setting, we were wary of trying to make the set too real for fear of anchoring it to a particular modern-day place or person. The set is stark and clean, providing a perfect backdrop for lights, costumes, and actors to be displayed against. All the set features are there for a purposein some cases several. The tower, for example, doubles as Richards presidential balcony and as the prison where he has his young nephew murdered. Despite the modern setting, we went back to medieval England for symbolic inspirationthe designs on the presidential banners of Richard and his predecessor Edward IV are taken from the original Plantagenet coats of arms. The original hand-sketch of the set layout. Final set. Costume Design (Emily King 09 and Naomi Hinchen 11) One of the biggest challenges in costuming Richard III was dealing with the doubled (and tripled, and quadrupled) roles. Together, the thirteen actors in the cast played twenty-nine distinct partssome of which changed costumes over the course of the play. Add in the modern, White House setting, and its a real challenge to distinguish between two dozen characters running around in suits. We were very concerned about distinguishing between the different characters played by the same actor and so tried to make each costume distinct. For instance, Catesby, Lady Anne, and 2nd Murderer are all played by the same actress. Of these, Catesby wears the closest thing to a suit (though, unlike in the orignal, our Catesby is female). Anne is the only character in a dress, which makes her stand out as a very different personality from all the other suit-wearing characters. And the murderer gives an opportunity to break out of the realm of suits completely. Grace Kane 11 transforms from the aristocratic Lady Anne to ambitious politician Catesby, via a 15-year-old hired murderer. Another challenge was to give visual cues to tie together certain groups of people. The indication of rank we chose to makr the King is a royal purple sash, which allowed us to use color to connect the members of the royal family. Until King Edwards death, Queen Elizabeth wears a shirt of the same color as the sash, and Rivers and Dorset, Elizabeths brother and son, have purple ties. This marks them as members of the same group, and the subsequent loss of the purple garments shows their loss of power following Edwards death. At Richards coronation, he gains the purple sash along with the kingship and the power hes been seeking. Projection Effects (Megan Nimura, MIT Staff: Energy Initiative) One of the greatest challenges of Richard III was the ghost scenea dream sequence where Richard is tormented by the ghosts of his dead victims. Though often cut from productions because of its logistical difficulty, our team decided to take on the challenge. Megan Nimura, who designed and edited the video, explains how it was made. When approaching a scene like the ghost scene in Richard III, a director can choose to play it in many different ways. Because our director, Susanna, wanted to modernize our production, it gave us more creative license with this scene. Susanna decided to attempt a video that would be projected onto the set. We shot all of the actors playing ghosts on one day using only two lights to create more contrast on the faces. We added some make-up to create even more contrast and then made all the decisions about effects in post-production. After choosing the best clips and then splicing them together, we were able to add some very fun visual and audio effects. I worked in collaboration with Susanna to create a cohesive final project with my visionskeletal, vampire-like facesand herscolor-washed and other-worldly floating heads. After adding some of my effects with the color of her vision, we played with audio reverberation and echo effects as well as adding additional audio tracks to emphasi ze certain action words. We then worked with the sound designer in creating a backtrack and intro music. Murdered princes Brianna Conrad 11 and Anna Brunner 12 don ghostly make-up in preparation for the photoshoot. The murdered princes as projected in the final effect. Rehearsal in Progress The rehearsal period for our spring shows is very short, only around four weeks. Its crucial for all the actors to be on the ball for every rehearsal. Particularly important are the fight scenes, which have to be carefully choreographed (here by our fight director, Noel Morales 12) and practiced continually to ensure no one gets hurt. Hired murderer James Tyrrel (Jacob Austin-Brenemann 13) rehearses killing the young Prince of York (Anna Brunner 12). Tech Week: Bringing It All Together Tech week, which for us is now drawing to a close, is the most crazy, hectic part of the whole crazy, hectic process. From Saturday to Wednesday, lights have to be hung, the set has to be built, costumes finished and cues programmed, and the cast has to get used to acting in their peformance space for the first time. This is the part of the process where the whole cast and crew really have to come together and put in all the effort they can to make the show the best it can be. Its tough, but also a whole lot of fun. Part of that might be due to having people you can construct a stage with until 3am, then pset with til 5am while still having a great time Producer Elaina Present 12 having fun with power tools. Technical Director Brianna Conrad 11 and Master Carpenter Paul Romer 12 take a break from construction to survey their set. Hair Make-up Designer Sarah Laderman 12 creating a scar for King Richard (Chris Smith 12) before a dress rehearsal. which, in the end, is what its all about. What really makes the show are the wonderful people that we get to hang out with all through the process and with whom we manage to create something we can all be proud of. RICHARD III opens today and runs Thursday to Saturday March 1113 and 1820. For more information about the show and about the MIT Shakespeare Ensemble in general, visit our website at http://web.mit.edu/ensemble/www/.

Business Negotiations Essay - 1100 Words

Business Negotiations (Essay Sample) Content: Case Study: System Modification for JapanMohammed AlhajriUniversity of PotomacInstructor: James BookerInternational NegotiationAbstractThe impact of external business in the local markets is challenge to many organizations when it comes to surviving in the global playing field. The current market demands that business of all sizes seek customers and supplies on the global level. The global business environment expects the organizations to approach the process the negotiation with global partners form their own global point of view differences across cultures. There is a conflict of culture during such negotiations, hence the negotiators are expected to open minded while dealing with any arising difference during negotiations. This paper is out to illustrate the cultural differences in the manner in which businesses are conducted in India and Japan. Based on fictitious events, the paper covers a business negotiation between Nippon Tele Communication (NTC) and Infosys S ystem Modification for Japan1. Usually, business opportunities come up when one party is interested in the services of another party, or when a service provider successfully bids for an advertised project. However, this was not the case in this project, however, since on realizing that Nippon Tele Communication (NTC) had issued Nippon Information System Processing (NISP) with a Request for Proposal, and NISP being the organization preferred for the Japanese localization work instead of Infosys Japan, Tanaka-san, representing Infosys, approached NTC to secure the contract. When informed that the contract had been awarded to another company, he uses a third party with influence over NTC to win the contract. This approach was unethical and unusual on the part of Infosys because it hijacked another companys contract. 2. The contract negotiations in this project did not meet the standards of a contract between two business parties. In the first place, Tanaka-san asks for a consultant fro m its headquarters in India to come and assist in developing a proposal, meaning that the negotiator knew very little about the nature of the contract. In addition, Infosys sent a junior engineer who was not experienced with high-profile contract negotiations, and who did not have all the relevant information. The communication during the negotiation was challenging characterized by language barriers, some parties were not well prepared, while others had to break from the negotiations to make calls before they come up with answers.Business contract negotiations are also carried out in a planned manner, and both parties are given time to prepare for a meeting (Pruitt, Lewis, 2005). In this case, however, the negotiators met within a short notice. Consequently, they failed to prepare and have all the information that the other party may need. This was seen from brief interruptions during which the negotiators sought answers from their bosses. 3. Despite the 20 percent being higher th an that of the competing price, Infosys had agreed to reduce the time from sixteen weeks to fourteen weeks. NTC may have projected that the two weeks difference will give it a competitive advantage over its rivals by introducing a new service into the market earlier. The other explanation is that NTC may have been under pressure from ATC, Infosys business partner, to award the contract to Infosys at all costs. 4. Infosys should have asked to retain the regulatory risk changes. This is because the client has the choice to engage in a regulatory environment as the regulatory change is borne by the client before outsourcing considering there is no way of quantifying such risks and including it in the outsourcing price. This came to haunt them later as Sachin had assumed that most of the issues were cosmetic now that they failed to block users from using their system. They later realized that there were more issues than they had anticipated and to fix them adversely affected the schedul e and cost of the project.5. Infosys was negotiation with Nippon Tele Communication to award the contract/project to them. After giving in to both of NTC demands, it was the time for Infosys to ask for any amendments it wished to effect on the contract. In any negotiation, each party should be given an equal playing ground and the deal should remain fair to each participating party.6. In most contracts, problems arise due to lack of flexibility in the negotiation process. Such problems do not allow for open and free discussion. This is common in competitive procurements where one of the parties simply drafts a contract that includes statements of service and work level agreements, and expects the bidders to disagree or agree with the contract language, implicitly threatening to disqualify the bidder who tries to engage in a dialogue. Where the parties have no or little opportunity to actually negotiate on how each is reading or using the contract language and their own real expectat ions, they either fail to understand each other or the most willing bidder is treated unfairly (Pruitt, Lewis, 2005).Considering the disparities in communication styles, language and culture, inherent in most negotiations, it is not enough for the discussions to take place among procurement specialists and lawyers. Accounting and technical management teams who understand the nature of the service or product being negotiated over should be given the chance to be part of the negotiation team so as to help in coming up with statements of work that are not ambiguous, or contradict management rules (Pruitt, Lewis, 2005). Therefore, Infosys should have included exper... Business Negotiations Essay - 1100 Words Business Negotiations (Essay Sample) Content: Case Study: System Modification for JapanMohammed AlhajriUniversity of PotomacInstructor: James BookerInternational NegotiationAbstractThe impact of external business in the local markets is challenge to many organizations when it comes to surviving in the global playing field. The current market demands that business of all sizes seek customers and supplies on the global level. The global business environment expects the organizations to approach the process the negotiation with global partners form their own global point of view differences across cultures. There is a conflict of culture during such negotiations, hence the negotiators are expected to open minded while dealing with any arising difference during negotiations. This paper is out to illustrate the cultural differences in the manner in which businesses are conducted in India and Japan. Based on fictitious events, the paper covers a business negotiation between Nippon Tele Communication (NTC) and Infosys S ystem Modification for Japan1. Usually, business opportunities come up when one party is interested in the services of another party, or when a service provider successfully bids for an advertised project. However, this was not the case in this project, however, since on realizing that Nippon Tele Communication (NTC) had issued Nippon Information System Processing (NISP) with a Request for Proposal, and NISP being the organization preferred for the Japanese localization work instead of Infosys Japan, Tanaka-san, representing Infosys, approached NTC to secure the contract. When informed that the contract had been awarded to another company, he uses a third party with influence over NTC to win the contract. This approach was unethical and unusual on the part of Infosys because it hijacked another companys contract. 2. The contract negotiations in this project did not meet the standards of a contract between two business parties. In the first place, Tanaka-san asks for a consultant fro m its headquarters in India to come and assist in developing a proposal, meaning that the negotiator knew very little about the nature of the contract. In addition, Infosys sent a junior engineer who was not experienced with high-profile contract negotiations, and who did not have all the relevant information. The communication during the negotiation was challenging characterized by language barriers, some parties were not well prepared, while others had to break from the negotiations to make calls before they come up with answers.Business contract negotiations are also carried out in a planned manner, and both parties are given time to prepare for a meeting (Pruitt, Lewis, 2005). In this case, however, the negotiators met within a short notice. Consequently, they failed to prepare and have all the information that the other party may need. This was seen from brief interruptions during which the negotiators sought answers from their bosses. 3. Despite the 20 percent being higher th an that of the competing price, Infosys had agreed to reduce the time from sixteen weeks to fourteen weeks. NTC may have projected that the two weeks difference will give it a competitive advantage over its rivals by introducing a new service into the market earlier. The other explanation is that NTC may have been under pressure from ATC, Infosys business partner, to award the contract to Infosys at all costs. 4. Infosys should have asked to retain the regulatory risk changes. This is because the client has the choice to engage in a regulatory environment as the regulatory change is borne by the client before outsourcing considering there is no way of quantifying such risks and including it in the outsourcing price. This came to haunt them later as Sachin had assumed that most of the issues were cosmetic now that they failed to block users from using their system. They later realized that there were more issues than they had anticipated and to fix them adversely affected the schedul e and cost of the project.5. Infosys was negotiation with Nippon Tele Communication to award the contract/project to them. After giving in to both of NTC demands, it was the time for Infosys to ask for any amendments it wished to effect on the contract. In any negotiation, each party should be given an equal playing ground and the deal should remain fair to each participating party.6. In most contracts, problems arise due to lack of flexibility in the negotiation process. Such problems do not allow for open and free discussion. This is common in competitive procurements where one of the parties simply drafts a contract that includes statements of service and work level agreements, and expects the bidders to disagree or agree with the contract language, implicitly threatening to disqualify the bidder who tries to engage in a dialogue. Where the parties have no or little opportunity to actually negotiate on how each is reading or using the contract language and their own real expectat ions, they either fail to understand each other or the most willing bidder is treated unfairly (Pruitt, Lewis, 2005).Considering the disparities in communication styles, language and culture, inherent in most negotiations, it is not enough for the discussions to take place among procurement specialists and lawyers. Accounting and technical management teams who understand the nature of the service or product being negotiated over should be given the chance to be part of the negotiation team so as to help in coming up with statements of work that are not ambiguous, or contradict management rules (Pruitt, Lewis, 2005). Therefore, Infosys should have included exper...

Bombast Definition and Examples of Bombast

A pejorative term for pompous and inflated speech or writing. Adjective: bombastic. Unlike eloquence, a favorable term for forceful and persuasive discourse, bombast generally refers to empty rhetoric or a windy grandeur of language (Eric Partridge). Dickensian Bombast My dear Copperfield, a man who labors under the pressure of pecuniary embarrassments, is, with the generality of people, at a disadvantage. That disadvantage is not diminished, when that pressure necessitates the drawing of stipendiary emoluments before those emoluments are strictly due and payable. All I can say is, that my friend Heep has responded to appeals to which I need not more particularly refer, in a manner calculated to redound equally to the honor of his head and of his heart.(Wilkins Micawber in David Copperfield by Charles Dickens) Shakespearean Bombast Full thirty times hath Phoebus cart gone roundNeptunes salt wash, and Tellus orbed ground;And thirty dozen moons, with borrowd sheen,About the world have times twelve thirties been;Since love our hearts, and Hymen did our hands,Unite communal in most sacred bands.(Player King in the play within a play in William Shakespeares Hamlet, Act III, scene two) Bombast and Hyperbole Bombast and hyperbole . . . are not interchangeable terms. Hyperbole is a figure of thought and one of the devices used to achieve bombast. Bombast is a stylistic mode, a manner of speaking and writing characterized by turgid and inflated language. The Elizabethans seem to have understood bombast to be more of an acoustic and an almost renegade quality of language, in contrast to rhetoric which was generally organized into a system. . . . Hyperbole shares with bombast the force of exaggeration, but not necessarily its lexical limitlessness and inelegance.​(Goran Stanivukovic, Shakespeares Style in the 1590s. The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeares Poetry,  ed. by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013) Alexis de Tocqueville on American Bombast I have often noted that Americans, who generally conduct business in clear, incisive language devoid of all ornament and often vulgar in its extreme simplicity, are likely to go in for bombast when they attempt a poetic style. In speeches their pomposity is apparent from beginning to end and, seeing how lavish they are with images at every turn, one might think they never said anything simply. ​(Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835) The Lighter Side of Platitudinous Ponderosity The following remarks on style appeared anonymously in dozens of late-19th-century and early-20th-century periodicals, ranging from Cornhill Magazine and the Practical Druggist to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Monthly Journal. Decide for yourself whether the advice is still appropriate. In promulgating your esoteric cogitations, or articulating your superficial sentimentalities, and amicable, philosophical or psychological observations, beware of platitudinous ponderosity.Let your conversational communications possess a clarified conciseness, a compacted comprehensiveness, coalescent consistency, and a concatenated cogency.Eschew all conglomerations of flatulent garrulity, jejune babblement and asinine affectation.Let your extemporaneous descantings and unpremeditated expatiations have intelligibility and veracious vivacity, without rhodomontade or thrasonical bombast.Sedulously avoid all polysyllabic profundity, pompous prolixity, psittaceous vacuity, ventriloquial verbosity, and vaniloquent vapidity.Shun double entendres, prurient jocosity, and pestiferous profanity, obscurant or apparent.In other words, talk plainly, briefly, naturally, sensibly, truthfully, purely. Keep from slang; dont put on airs; say what you mean; mean what you say; and dont use big words! (Anonymous, The Basket: The Journal of the Basket Fraternity, July 1904) Honey, dont let the blonde hair fool you. Although  bombastic  forms of  circumlocution  should be generally avoided, one mustnt shy away from big words in the right  context.(Aphrodite in Punch Lines.  Xena: Warrior Princess, 2000) Etymology:From Medieval Latin, cotton padding Also Known As: grandiloquence

Main Facts About Procrastination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 720 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Procrastination Essay Did you like this example? Procrastination: a study in its features, cause and solutions We may easy to find such a person that he never started his work until there are few days before deadline, and when he made up his mind to start his work at the beginning, he would always be distracted by other stuffs. He may get exhausted after finishing his work right before the deadline and complain himself for not working hard at the beginning. Actually, this person could be others or ourselves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Main Facts About Procrastination" essay for you Create order And this phenomenon called procrastination. It may happen in any aspect of our lives, like putting off writing your paper, doing housework, submitting a report and so on. This psychology is counterproductive but we are still suffered by it. So, in this essay I will give the cause of this psychology and some solution that may help to overcome it. Procrastination is defined as the avoidance of doing a task that needs to be accomplished. It is different from laziness. Procrastination makes you avoid doing something important but to do other jobs considered easier and enjoyable. In this process, you still do your work but ignore your most urgent one. The specific features of this psychology are the followings. First, people tend to avoid the place and the situation related to finishing their work. For example, student would spend more time in their dormitory rather than go to the library. Second, denial and trivialization. We know the highest efficient way to finish our task is to do the most important and urgent work, but as for procrastinators, they would deny that there are other things that are more urgent than what they should do right now. For example, when they want to write their paper, they would say itrs time for dinner and I have to buy something to eat. Third, distraction is also normal in the behavior style of the p rocrastinators. They may get distracted by a lot of things in order to avoid facing their really important task. They would also blame themselves after putting off their work. Then, why people have procrastination? We know procrastination is the avoidance of doing oners job, but why would people avoid? It is usually considered to happen when people are anxious about the work they have to face with, and when they go to do other things, they will feel better and relaxed. But at last, the problem is still not finished and they have to work on it. For the serious procrastinators, they would put off more work to decrease the feeling of shame and guilt. It is a vicious circle. Then, how can we overcome this psychology? There are some possible ways that may help you. First, accept the fact that I am procrastinating. Many times, people are easy to feel anxiety and depression before they complete their tasks. They are not unrelated to the idea of self-criticism and self-defeating. You may continue to criticize and criticize yourself for procrastination. This lack of self-care will not only make you feel ashamed and self-blaming, but will also make you feel more anxious before the next task begins, and you will be procrastinated. It is a vicious circle. Therefore, to break this vicious circle, the first is to accept ones own negative emotions and give yourself more encouragement and forgiveness. Studies show that self-forgiveness can help you become willing to do you task. Second, stop thinking irrationally. Irrational thoughts included overrating yourselves and underestimating the difficulty of the task. Having a objective opinion about your ability will help to make a workable plan. This is the third way, set up a highly viable plan. You may choose a large but achievable goal, then you set it into some small goals. After splitting a large, reasonable and feasible goal into several small tasks, each task will become easier to implement for you. When you finish a small task, dont forget to give yourself a small reward. It can build a reward system to help you work continuously. Reference List: Steel, Piers (2007). The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure. Psychological Bulletin. 133 (1): 65â€Å"94. Pychyl, T. (20 February 2012). The real reasons you procrastinate † and how to stop. The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 February 2012. mindtools.com,. How to Stop Procrastinating [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_96.htm

In “Impossible Mourning Sophocles Reversal” By Fanny...

In â€Å"Impossible Mourning: Sophocles Reversal† by Fanny Soderback, she introduces the concept of a Sophoclean reversal at the heart Antigone. To introduce her argument, Antigone is associated with the private realm and divine law, and Creon is a representative of human law and politics. Soderback bases her understanding of Antigone on the work of Hannah Arendt, who argues that the Greek public realm is distinctly separated from the private realm, which rebuts most claims of how family and state were closed interconnected in Greek culture. This allows the readers to have a different interpretation of Antigone. Throughout the story, the idea of a Sophoclean reversal suggests that the relationships between the representative of the private and†¦show more content†¦However, the argument is further emphasized when Antigone challenges Creon’s authority after burying Polynices, supposedly two times, and induces him to reverse the consequences of disobedience agains t his rule near the end of the play, he changes his method of execution â€Å"I’ll take her down some wild, desolate path/ never trod by men, and wall her up alive/ in a rocky vault, and set out short rations, /† (Sophocles 871-873). Since Creon tries to show piety towards Antigone because he did not directly kill her and refused to take responsibility for his actions, he found himself placed within the private realms in the Arendtian definition once again since he tried to make Antigone disappear without any involvement of the outsiders amongst the public. After making private decisions and going against his own word as king, Creon’s actions displayed the actions attributed to an individual who belongs in the private sphere. Throughout the play, Creon tried to rule over Thebes with authoritarian tendencies or as a dictator through actions of violence, later condemned by Tiresias, leading to Creon’s impotence and ultimately his profound reversal of fate, where he is surrounded by his dead loved ones consumed by uncontrollable grief. However, right before he receives the fate of the Gods, Creon already displays the characteristics of an individual in the private realm due to his fall from his pedestal. This is

The Theme of Loss in Poetry Essay - 2004 Words

The Theme of Loss in Poetry Provide a sample of poetry from a range of authors each of whom portray the theme of loss in some way. Anthology Introduction The object of this collection is to provide a sample of poetry from a range of authors each of whom portray the theme of ‘loss’ in some way. ‘Loss’ has been a recurring theme in literature for centuries, from early poets such as William Shakespeare who portrays loss in many of his tragedies including the loss of sanity in ‘King Lear’ and the loss of reputation in ‘Othello’, through to Keats’s ‘Odes’ and into the twentieth and twenty-first century. Loss is an important aspect of life and many modern poets find it to be an interesting theme to deal with in their work. The†¦show more content†¦The verse of ‘We are Seven’ is not at all difficult to understand as the language is simple and drawn from a common rhetoric. The structure of the stanza is also straightforward with an ordinary poetic meter and rhyming pattern, typical of Wordsworth in the ‘Lyrical Ballads’. These techniques render the poems accessible to all people of all backgrounds, which in turn emphasises the fact that everyone experiences death. Yet the intricacies of the poem are to which character the reader most readily associates themselves with. Whilst the girl could be said to have idealised the relationship she believes she now has with her dead brother and sister, there is an innocence in attitude towards death that most people would prefer to sympathise with, rather than the often cold and final view of the narrator. The maid’s determination that ‘their graves are green, they may be seen’, ie they are still part of her everyday life as she can still interact with them to a certain degree, shows death to be merely another stage of life and not a loss at all. However, to most readers it is the lack of awareness that makes the poem touching as it is clear that to the reader that the girl doesn’t have the same relationship with her siblings as she us ed to noShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Love and Loss in Poetry Essay2011 Words   |  9 PagesThe Theme of Love and Loss in Poetry How on earth are you ever going to explain in terms of chemistry and physics so important a biological phenomenon as first love? Albert Einstein. The subject of love has always inspired poets, writers, and those lucky in love as well. Love is everything its cracked up to be. It really is worth fighting for, risking everything for. And the trouble is, if you dont risk everything, you risk even more. 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Outsiders; ‘Norm and Ahmed’, “Happy Feet” and “The Arrival” Free Essays

An Outsider is a person who is excluded from, or is not a member of a group. They can be seen to be merely out of place. Other factors, however, can make a person in the ‘right place’ feel like they do not belong. We will write a custom essay sample on Outsiders; ‘Norm and Ahmed’, â€Å"Happy Feet† and â€Å"The Arrival† or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is evident when exploring Alex Buzo’s script â€Å"Norm and Ahmed†, George Miller’s animation film â€Å"Happy Feet† and the Shaun Tan’s graphic novel â€Å"The Arrival†. Through utilising a range of language features and techniques, composers are able to emphasise the idea of ‘the outsider’ in these three texts. Alex Buzo’s script â€Å"Norm and Ahmed† depicts a late-night encounter between a typical old Australian working class man and a young Pakistani undergraduate. The concept of outsiders is explored in great detail throughout the script. At first, Ahmed appears to be the clear outsider in the script, as the stage directions and choice of costume are used to convey his sense of alienation and discomfort with the situation; a dark skinned person wearing a â€Å"Nehru-styled suit† acting â€Å"edges away warily†, â€Å"taking them cautiously† suggesting Ahmed’s agitation and fear when interacting with Norm. Register is also used to demonstrate that Ahmed does not belong, for even though he speaks English fluently, his extremely formal language and perfect grammar such as â€Å"I crave your forgiveness†, reveal him to be the outsider. This contrasts with Norm’s very Australian colloquialisms and slang, â€Å"bash you†, â€Å"old piss-pots†, â€Å"poofter† showing his ease with the Australian dialect. These factors all combine to make Ahmed seem to be feeling as if he is in the wrong place. Another character who seems to be in the wrong place is the protagonist in the graphic novel â€Å"The Arrival†. Shaun Tan uses a sequence of photos showing the protagonist going through customs in a new country. The character’s gestures, such as outstretched palms and scratching his head signify confusion as well as his frustrated facial expressions all show him to be misunderstood. Finally, the picture showing his bent over with his head in his hands shows his helplessness and feeling of defeat. This character feels out of place; an outsider. This feeling is also evident in the film â€Å"Happy Feet†. Mumble’s sense of exclusion is accentuated in the graduation party scene, where the camera pans from group of penguin singing and dancing in unison to a single tap dancing penguin, Mumble, who is facing the wrong way. There is some empty space between him and the group, which also physically shows his outsider status. The following scene shows him exiled to a small dark iceberg looking up at the party in the distance. It is a low angle wide shot making him look small and lonely in comparison. This all contributes to the idea that he is an outsider, although technically he is in the right place. Mumble’s outsider status shows that being in the wrong place is only one element contributing to the notion of an outsider. Many other reasons for being an outsider have been explored through these three texts. The animated film â€Å"Happy Feet† is about a young penguin, Mumble who is expelled from his penguin community because he dances his feelings, rather than singing them. The animators highlight Mumble’s lack of belonging by making him physically different from the other penguins, he has blue eyes and keeps his baby feathers when his peers are fully developed. Mumble is initially considered part of the penguin community but his differences in appearance and ability act as barriers which prevent him from being an insider. Even though technically he is in the ‘right place’, he is still an outsider. Another character who appears to be in the ‘right place’ but reveals himself to be an outsider, is Norm. Initially Norm engineers the conversation with Ahmed by pretending not to have a lighter. Later he admits, â€Å"I get a little lonely (†¦) I like to have a nice chat with a bloke (†¦) A bloke like you, for instance†. Norm’s obvious loneliness adds to his outsider status. He doesn’t belong to a close family or social group and is compelled to talk to strangers. Norm’s age, education and social class all contribute to make him part of a dying breed, the â€Å"old school Australian†. He does not necessarily belong in the emerging multicultural Australia that Ahmed embodies. By saying â€Å"I was only thinking that if you didn’t have a dark skin you’d be alright. I mean, it’d be all right for you to stay here, like, get a job and stay in this country. †, he reveals his racism and rejection of multiculturalism. His subsequent senseless beating of Ahmed also demonstrates Norm’s instability and violence and this further reinforces his outsider status. By breaking the laws of society, he automatically becomes an outsider to the mainstream. Norm and Mumble are not the only characters who are becoming outsiders in their own place. In â€Å"The Arrival†, Tan draws with great detail, a bleak city with huge, ominous, black shadows resembling dragon’s tails suggesting evil all over the buildings and roads. A high angle long shot shows how insignificant his family is in this big, empty city. This reveals a growing sense of insecurity and uncertainty of the family’s future in their own country. They no longer feel as though they belong there. Therefore after studying the three texts, it is apparent that the sentence â€Å"An outsider is merely just a person in the wrong place† is only partially correct. Ahmed, Mumble and the persona in the Arrival are all outsiders by virtue of being in the wrong place; Ahmed with his extremely formal language, brown skin and his foreign attire, the persona in â€Å"The Arrival† with his language barrier and Mumble for his inability to sing. However, although Mumble can’t sing, he is a penguin and is therefore technically in the’right place’. He is an outsider because he looks and acts differently to the other penguins. The persona â€Å"The Arrival† leaves his homeland because he is starting to feel like an outsider in his own place, as does Norm with his racism, loneliness and violence. In conclusion; anyone, in any place can be an outsider. How to cite Outsiders; ‘Norm and Ahmed’, â€Å"Happy Feet† and â€Å"The Arrival†, Papers

Organisational Behaviour Impact on Work Performance

Question: Write about theOrganisational Behaviourfor Impact on Work Performance. Answer: Introduction The organisational behaviour comprises of both, the group behaviour and the individual behaviour, actions and performance within an organisation. The individuals in an organisation when come and work together then they are called as organisational groups. There are both formal and informal groups in the organisations. There is a direct impact of the groups on the organisational and individual performance and on the individual behaviour. The work and the work behaviour are highly influenced by the nature of the group. The purpose of this report is to highlight the nature of group behaviour and its impact on work performance. There will also be highlighted the contemporary and traditional theory related to the organisational behaviour (Wagner III and Hollenbeck, 2014). Nature ofGroup Behaviour and its Impact on Work Performance The organisational group are the foundations of human resource which are inseparable and have a significant influence over the organisation. There are several benefits which are associated with these groups but if managed inefficiently then they turn out to be unconstructive for the organisational performance as they have a direct interconnection with the organisational productivity. From time to time, there has been realized the significance of group behaviour in an organisation. Decades back, in 1920, there were conducted the Hawthorne experiments by Elton Mayo with his associates for understanding and analysing the impact of group behaviour on the individual and organisational productivity (Bruce and Nyland, 2011). The studies carried on and still it is one of the highly researched and studied subjects in the literature. There has been performed several researches to develop a connect ion between the individual behaviour and the group behaviour. Traditionally, there were used to have set hierarchy lines of authority and the employees have to work and communicate in that aspect only without breaking any communication channel or line of authority. This results in less effective communication among the organisation employees, managers nod higher authority personnel (Indermun and Bayat, 2013). As per this traditional approach, there were no groups; therefore, no such direct influence or impact was laid down upon the individuals or the organisation. But with the change in scenarios and theories, there took place a contemporary management and group behaviours where there is establishment of increase number of formal and informal groups in the organisations. The contemporary approach is much supportive for the business organisations as through the formation of the groups there develops effective communication channels among the organisational individuals (Podsakoff, et al., 2014). There is high importance of groups in an organisation as they not only impact the work or the work performance but also have various benefits to the organisation and the individuals. If the individuals are stuck into some problems then instead of going to the managers or the higher authorities, they tend to discuss among the group. With the help of other group members, they tend to solve at initial level only (Beal, et al., 2003). There are various factors of group behaviour which poses a direct impact upon the work and the work performance. These factors comprises of the composition of the group, the size of the group and the group cohesiveness. In the composition of the group, there is increasing importance of the homogeneity factor. If the members of the groups are homogenous in the aspects of behaviour, culture, age, etc then it laid dowel a positive impact upon the work and the performance as there develops a sense of understanding whereas the heterogeneity results in negative e implications because of diverse factors which leads to conflicts (Cummings, 2004). The size of the group also matters a lot as if the group is very large then it results in difficult and complex communication, thus, the performance of the individuals impact due to inappropriate flow of information. Therefore, if the size of the group is appropriate, then it influences the work and the performance by having adequate flow of information, development of innovative ideas and making rapid decisions. One major aspect is group cohesiveness. If there is effective communication among the group members, improved engagement, presence of homogenous individuals, then there develops high levels of group cohesiveness. The stronger and higher the cohesiveness is, the greater is the unity in the groups which forces the individuals to work with utmost efficiency and therefore, there are several positive outcomes for the individuals and organisational productivity and work performance of group behaviour (Miner, et al., 2015). Conclusion From this study, it can be concluded that there is a direct influence of the group behaviour upon the work and the work performance. The formation of organisational groups is an essential requirement in the present scenario for having better mad improved results. The organisations attain higher productivity, efficiency and faster accomplishment of goals if there are strong and competent groups. Therefore, it can be stated that the organisations must have an in-depth analysis before forming organisational groups so that positive influence and results can be fetched from the groups. References Beal, D.J., Cohen, R.R., Burke, M.J. and McLendon, C.L., 2003. Cohesion and performance in groups: a meta-analytic clarification of construct relations. Bruce, K. and Nyland, C., 2011. Elton Mayo and the deification of human relations.Organization Studies,32(3), pp.383-405. Cummings, J.N., 2004. Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization.Management science,50(3), pp.352-364. Indermun, V. and Bayat, M.S., 2013. An Analysis Of Organisational Behaviour And Its Impact On Organisational Success. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Podsakoff, N.P., Whiting, S.W., Podsakoff, P.M. and Blume, B.D., 2009. Individual-and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Lessons Learned from My Pastor Essay Example For Students

Lessons Learned from My Pastor Essay The way I see it family should always have each other’s back, right? Well so I thought. When I was younger I had always been close to my cousin Cody. Then the day come when he hurt me like nobody else could. He shattered my world and threw the family into a crazy war. I made it through all of the hurtfulness and pain by diving head first into my Sunday school teachings. Growing up in my crazy family I felt out of place a lot of the time. The only time I felt right was when I was with my cousin Cody. He was like my twin brother, we were same age and had the same crazy ways of entertaining ourselves. We would run around pulling pranks on many of our family member’s, hiding things and the, Oh so funny â€Å"rubber band around the kitchen sink hose† trick. Let’s face it, we were little shits. Last summer our family was in town from Yakima, Washington. My cousin Sara has Autism and she takes medicine to help control her behavior. The only people that new where her medicine was Cody’s mom and Kristie, Sara’s mom. Somehow some of Sara’s medicine disappeared. At first my aunt accused Cody and me of taking it, but we denied the accusations. The family argued over who took it and in the end everyone left that night still angry and confused on who stole the medicine. I later had found out that Cody had told his grandma that I was the one who took the medicine because I wanted to sell it. I couldn’t believe that Cody had told her that. I didn’t want to believe it. I was angry, confused, and hurt all at the same time and for a teenage girl that was a lot to handle. My aunt went around telling everyone that I was a drug dealer and a pill head. Not many people believed her but some did. My family looked at me in discussed as I pleaded and denied what she had said. Being angry and confused, I started spending a lot of my time at the youth Methodist church I attended. I spent many Wednesday nights and Sunday mornings there teaching and leading the youth service groups. After those many days I had come to realize that the words that my pastor had once told me were true. â€Å"You should always forgive someone but never forget the pain they have caused you. † She had opened my eyes to see that no matter what my aunt may have said about me, I know that the people who really love me know the truth. I had later come to find out that Cody’s mother was the one who had taken Sara’s medicine. Family might not always have each other’s back when they need each other the most. Cody has since apologized to me and we have returned to speaking terms, but things will never be the same between us. I find irony in the fact that my aunt was the one who accused me of taking the medicine when in turn she was the one who had taken them. I hope that one day she will learn from her mistakes the way I have learned from mine with the help of Pastor Dawn.

Barton reading reposne free essay sample

The overview point of Barons integrated approach to literacy is to help understand the deferent perspectives about reading and writing while coming up with new views of literacy. The impact of literacy in everyday life is the first discussion. Barton gives several examples in which literacy impact our lives starting from the morning radio to the mail, which broadens the readers perspective that literacy Is not defined only to reading and writing.Like culture, literacy can be vastly efferent from one form to another such as reading a novel In school to listening to the news on television. From the Information that Is obtained by literacy also triggers a new way of thinking about the personal definition In which one defines literacy themselves. The Impact of economic and social Impact of literacy Is the most fascinating part of the reading. The Idea that literacy can make or break someone Is amazing. We will write a custom essay sample on Barton reading reposne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If one Is literate, they can make their own definition which can prevent them from conforming to others perspective, being brainwashed.Statistics show the difference in one who is literate and illiterate. With the limited choices illiterate they negatively impact their country both economically and socially. Baron stated many countries such as Canada illiteracy linked with criminality, united States illiteracy linked with economical downfall, and also Britain illiterates cannot jobs. The potential of a country truly comes from the root of the people which is literacy. The idea of a hundred percent literate country and how much it would strive compared to the so called develop entries today.Continuing from the idea if it is possible for a country to be hundred percent literate is to look at the root of how literacy is taught. The educational system has made their definition of what literacy is and like stated earlier those who have not found their own definition of literacy conform to others. So like the soviet union educational system some of the people become brainwashed not being able to define it themselves which makes it improbable for trigger to go off and making them illiterate.

Five Past Midnight essays

Five Past Midnight essays Towards the end of WWII, Theodore Roosevelt was having a meeting on how he could end the war. Director of the Office of Strategic Services (William Donovan) was summing up the war in 3 sentences. First, each and every day the war continued in Europe, 27,000 men, women report that the SS is preparing a national redoubt in the Bavarian Alp, where Hitler may be able to carry on for 2 or more years. Hitler had recently pledged that he will fight until five minutes past midnight. This is at a time when Roosevelt was failing in health and he was afraid Hitler would outlive him. Hitler was now a mad man that ranted and raved, thought everyone was out to get him (even his most devoted followers), spit ran from the corner of his mouth, he stayed underground all the time and he now had no use of his lest arm. It was at this time a plan was formed and approved to send someone to assassinate Hitler. The man that was to accomplish this was Captain Jack Cray. He was an apple orchard owners son from Wennatchee, Washington. He was a short stocky young man that could blend in with any background and could perform anything that was asked of him. He had no reason to fear death as he wanted to die. On his second wedding anniversary, he had drunk too much, gone off the road, killing his wife and losing his will to live. To him, dying would be a blessing and he would be free of the quilt. He now was in a POW camp of Coditz Castle, Saxony, Germany. The POWs were in the British wing. There was only one american that was known only as John. Only two of the British officers knew his real name. All the prisoners were told by the hidden radio they ...

International Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Finance - Assignment Example in order for an economic union to be successful it is necessary to have following conditions among the member countries: 1. Labour mobility: Labour mobility is the free access to labour without any legal or cultural obstacle, and having similar wages and other employment conditions. 2. Capital mobility: It will allow the market forces to enhance the equal distribution of wealth and resources through supply and demand. 3. Similar Business Cycle: It will help the member countries in reducing inflation and increasing growth. 4. Automatic Fiscal Transfer Mechanism: It will help in redistribution of money towards less developed areas without federal interference. As of today, the European Union is comprised of 27 member countries having an aggregate population of around 500 million people. Making an economic union was a very bold and risky step for European countries. It involved not only the compromise on the individual monetary freedom of the member countries but also the integration of central banks. The basic purpose of this unification was to give economic support to member countries through the integration of economic and political policies. In order to enhance the importance of Europe in the monetary mechanism of the world, there was a need of unity among European countries. ... The European Union was officially created on 1st November, 1993 under the third Delors Commission. The Euro was introduced initially in a non-physical form like EFT or travelers cheques in January 1999 and captured the market completely in physical form on 1st January 2002. In contrast to the economist expectations, Euro survived a good length of time. It was the first experiment of its kind in the history. Many economists were skeptic about the future of Euro and its corresponding impact on European economic future. Several criticisms rose as to the applicability of the Optimum Currency Theory on European Union due to the lack of mobility of factors of production among member countries. US economists objected that European Union is not so integrated to issue single currency like the different states of US. However they overlook the fact that it took more than 150 years to United States to integrate the monetary system of all states by issuing Dollars for the entire nation. However t he theory of optimum currency area does not include political economy factors like the desire for European integration on political level, reducing the exchange rate risks and achieving stable price levels. US economists also believed that the entire European monetary integration was basically a political ploy and therefore lacking the necessary criteria of the optimum currency area. On the basis of the crisis of European Exchange rate system in early 90s, they begin to suspect the viability of this monetary union. From the very beginning of the European monetary integration process, this union is always question on the basis of the optimum currency area theory. The basis of all criticism was that the Europe was not at

Idealized versus Real Identity in Carson's Audubon Essay - 2

Idealized versus Real Identity in Carson's Audubon - Essay Example For Carson,   James Audubon’s realist works are not authentic because they signify forced renditions of natural birds. She presents a unique notion of the difference between substance and form in human identity. In â€Å"Audubon,† Carson uses image, diction, sarcasm, and metaphor to argue that, when people are blinded with their love for physical appearance and social stratification, they cannot perceive the difference between human form and substance and see the truth about their identities.The poem employs images of inauthentic portrayals of birds to depict the disparity between people’s perception and the reality of their identity. The images of the birds cannot be trusted as truthful because they are dead, in the same way, that perceptions of humanity tend to be false because people base them on idealistic, but inaccurate, views of themselves. Carson puts open and close quotation marks on the phrase â€Å"drawn from nature† (2) because Audubon did no t paint them as they are. Audubon paints them, not as they are, but as how he wants them to be. Carson accentuates that â€Å"†¦[Audubon] hated the unvarying shapes/of traditional taxidermy† (5-6). She suggests that he is not satisfied with the roughness of actual animal nature. He prepares them to be more palatable to his tastes and audience. But to change nature indicates deception. Some people also enjoy deceiving others with appearances. They will enhance or hide their natural features, in order for them to be acceptable in their society. Furthermore, a number of people take pains in being who they are not. Carson emphasizes how Audubon changes what a bird must be, according to how he wants them to be seen.   She describes the â€Å"flexible armatures of bent wire and wood/ on which he arranged bird skin and feathers† (7-8).   Nothing is natural in his paintings because the actions of the birds and their appearances are contrived.

Soldiers Home And How to Tell a True War Story Analysis

Soldiers Home And How to Tell a True War Story Analysis War can be defined as a situation in which competing enemies are involved in an active struggle. Different authors have over time written war stories and their effects on individuals. Tim OBrien wrote How to tell a true war story while Ernest Hemmingway wrote Soldiers Home. Both stories illustrate to readers the effects of war on an average person. Both stories are the same in many aspects because both authors had a stint in the army. OBrien served in the Vietnam War and he chooses a narrator in his story who is the same as him. This makes the reader believe in OBriens stories as if they actually happened. Hemmingway, on the other hand, served in the World War I and bases his story on real life experience such as lies, relationships and death. In both stories, we are told that soldiers in a war do whatever that they like. This is supported in Soldiers Home when Krebs does nothing to get a job or make money throughout the day. In How to tell a true War Story OBrien is of the opinion that a soldier yearns for a perfect world while in the battle zone. On his return home, Krebs is truthful and blunt on his answer not caring how others take it. Themes can be referred to as the fundamental ideas that have been explored in a piece of literature. Both stories have the theme of physical and emotional burden in which the characters are both figurative and literal. Both OBrien and Krebs carry loads that are emotionally heavy. The load is composed of terror, grief, longing and love. Each mans burden is related to their emotions. After the end of the war, both men have psychological burden which continue to haunt and define them. They survived the war but continue to carry grief, and confusion. Fear of shame as a motivation is delved in both stories. OBrien experiences in war shows that the motivating factor in war is the fear of feeling ashamed before peers. Krebs also has the fear of relating to the towns people and even his own family. Both stories explain the complexities of relating war experience to story telling/narration. Tim OBrien chooses to have a fictional narrator who is also known by his name Tim OBrien. He shows that the narrator has the power to shape the opinions of his listeners. In both stories, the authors use the stories to allow the listeners tackle the past experiences .They use narratives to pass their message. Loneliness and isolation features prominently in both stories. OBrien explains that there is loneliness and also isolation in Vietnam during the war. He says that loneliness and isolation are destructive the same way as ammunition. Krebs on the other hand is isolated and lonely in his home town since returning from war. He is disillusioned and is unable to fit in his society or even his family. Both titles Soldiers Home and How to Tell a True war story are both ironical. Soldiers home in real sense refers to a place of rest, a place of retirement but in the story, Krebs does not find rest in his home town, in fact he suffers from post traumatic stress and isolation. In How to Tell True War Story, it is ironical that OBrien starts by saying the story is true only to argue later at the end that one should not believe a true war story since it is even impossible for one to tell a war story that it is true. In Soldiers Home, we find that Krebs lies so much to the extent that when he returns home, lying makes him sick. OBrien backs this theme when he says that one Hs to stretch the truth and lie so as to make the public believe ones war story. Krebs tells his stories of war with other war veterans assembled at the pool room. In the same way, OBrien tells others about his war experiences. Readers of Hemmingway story are told that people do not want to hear Krebs stories while on the other hand OBrien also thinks that war stories are meant for people who do not listen. How to Tell a true War Story is not straight forward and does not follow chronological paths from the start to the end like a traditional story. Instead it has a collection of various small stories that have been interspersed with instruction on war stories. The story also has commentary whereby the narrator says that a war story which is true is never moral. The narrator through commentary also argues that distinguishing on what really happened from what seemingly happened in a true war story is difficult. . The protagonists in both How to Tell a True War Story and A Soldiers Home tell the stories of their lives and also about war and its effects on their lives. This can be seen in the modifications of war stories by OBrien and the social isolation of the protagonist in Hemmingways story. In both stories, the protagonists are traumatized by their time in the military service. OBrien accepts that fabrication is essential and relevant to his stories. He agrees on his stress that is post traumatic and admits to telling lies through his literature. Hemmingways depiction on stress occasioned by war differs from that from OBrien because his war veteran, Krebs is recovering from the effects of war on him. Krebs does not like remembering his time in the military. While OBrien likes embellishing and talking about the truth, Krebs was sick of it. Krebs depicts negative effects of war by emotionally alienating himself from the society. He still lives in his parents home and is not married or has any career. Ernest Hemmingways Soldiers Home is not a story about an old soldier in an old peoples home waiting to die, but it is a story of a young man called Harold Krebs who has just returned from war and is unable to figure out what he wants in life. Although he is at home, he does not feel at home. It is like he did not want to come home. Krebs knows that he has changed but everything else in his hometown seems the same. He is expected to pick up and continue with life from where he had left while going to war but he does not know how to do that. He is confused. He feels no one understands what he is undergoing, the turmoil that is within him. The many atrocities he witnessed in the war zone have made him not to believe in God anymore. One feels sorry and sympathy for Krebs. His troubles can be compared to what other war veterans went through when they arrived back home from war. Krebs is timid and uncomfortable in the company of women except his immediate family members. He depicts a picture on how hard it is to be assimilated back in to ones society after military service. Social acceptance as a theme in Ernest Hemmingways Soldiers Home and OBriens How to Tell a True War Story is significant in both stories. Both major characters are isolated socially and are unable to relate well with all those who are around them. It is fair to conclude that neither Krebs nor OBrien is no better off at the end of these stories than when they started. It is understandable that both writers of these stories- Soldiers Home and How to Tell a true war Story were both scarred in the wars. These stories are therefore very personal and the experiences offer us glimpses into the lives of both the authors, their many trials and tribulations that they faced.

Analysis of Middle Range Nursing Theory Essay

Complex physiological changes during pregnancy have a significant impact on almost every organ on the body system including the oral cavity — these changes are due to hormonal changes. Estrogen causes increased blood flow to the oral cavity, making the gums friable and easy to bleed, contributing to gingivitis. Pregnancy-associated gingivitis is highly prevalent. It affects approximately 30%-75% of pregnant women and resolves after delivery. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy can also increase the risk of extensive erosion (Varney, Kriebs, & Gegor, 2004; Barak, Oettinger, Machetie, Peled, & Ohel, 2003). In addition, changes in diet, such as increased consumption of carbohydrates, increased acid from vomiting, and changes in oral hygiene may increase the risk of tooth decay during pregnancy (Russel & Mayberry, 2008). Current research and evidence shows the importance of maintaining good oral health during pregnancy. Evidence supports that periodontal infections during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes such as premature deliveries, low birth weight, still birth, miscarriage, and pre-eclampsia (Russell & Mayberry, 2008; Jeffcoat, Geurs, Reddy, Cliver, Goldenberg & Hauth, 2001). Preterm birth is a significant public health problem, as the prematurity rate at in the United States was 12.7% in 2007. Preliminary data for 2008 indicates a slight decline to about 12.3% (Martin, Hamilton, Sutton, Ventura, Mathews, Kirmeyer, & Osterman, 2010). Behrman & Butler (2007) reported that annual societal preterm births cost more than $26.2 billion in 2005, or $51,600 per infant born preterm, including maternal delivery, medical care, early intervention services, and loss of household and labor market productivity. As a midwife, one main goal during antenatal care is to improve pregnancy outcomes. Part of this can be accomplished is by promoting oral health care and healthy  behaviors. It is important to provide oral health education before and during the current pregnancy, as well as educate our clients about the association between poor maternal oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, we must encourage them to see a dentist during pregnancy. Theory To choose a theory to apply to the practice problem, relevant theories must be critically evaluated based on a set of criteria. The author used the three questions posed by Fawcett and Associates (1992) as described by Kenny (2006): â€Å"(1) Does the theory or model address the client problems and health concerns?; (2) Are the nursing interventions suggested by the model consistent with client’s expectations for nursing care?; and (3) Are the goals of nursing actions, based on the model or theory, congruent with the client’s desired health outcomes?† (Kenny, 2006, p.305). Several middle range theories can be used and applied to maximize oral health during pregnancy, as well as the prevention of adverse outcome related to oral problems. The Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior focuses on and explores the relationship between behavior and beliefs, as well as attitudes and intention (Montano & Kasprzyk, 2008). The Diffusion of Innovations Theory has been used to study the adoption of health behaviors and programs (Tiffany & Lutjens, 1998). The Precaution Adoption Process Model has been applied to behaviors which require deliberate action and initiating new behaviors (Weinstein, Sandman, & Blalock, 2002). The Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change are used to guide the individual through the stages of change to action and maintenance (Prochaska, Redding, & Evers, 2002). The Health Belief Model is used to predict and explain health behaviors and promote individuals in engaging health behavior (Champion & Stretcher & Janz, 2002). The best theory that fits this practice problem and author’s values and beliefs about client, health and nursing practice is Health Belief Model. Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model (HBM) was developed by a group of social psychologists at the U.S. Public Health Service in the 1950s in an attempt to understand â€Å"the widespread failure of people to participate in programs to prevent and detect disease.† It was later applied to patient responses to  symptoms and to compliance with prescribed medical regimens (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002, p. 46). The HBM has four major constructs: Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barriers. The model has been expanded to include cues to action and self efficacy (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002). ‘‘Perceived susceptibility† refers to â€Å"one’s subjective perception of the risk of contracting a health condition.† (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002, p.48). â€Å"Perceived severity† refers to â€Å"feelings concerning the seriousness of contracting an illness or of leaving it untreated includes evaluations of both medical and clinical consequences (death, disability and pain) and possible social consequences (such as effects of the conditions on work, family life, and social relations).† (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002, p.48). â€Å"Perceived benefits† are beliefs and opinions of the value regarding the effectiveness of the various actions available in reducing the disease threat.† (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002, p.48). â€Å"Perceive barrier† is a person’s perception of both the difficulties in performing the specific behaviors of interest and the negative things that could happen from performing those behaviors.† (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002, p.49). â€Å"Cues to action are strategies to activate the one’s readiness.† And finally, â€Å"self efficacy† is â€Å"one’s confidence in one’s ability to take action.† (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002, p.49). The Health Belief Model is one of the conceptual frameworks for understanding health behavior. Also, the HBM is used for explaining and predicting acceptance and adherence to medical care recommendations (Champion, Stretcher, & Janz, 2002). The Model hypothesis â€Å"that an individual’s decision to change behavior is determined by two elements: (1) One’s perception of a threat to personal health which is determined by two underlying belief, namely perceived susceptibility of the disease and the perceived severity and seriousness of the disease. And (2) Ones perception of the efficacy of treatment proposed to reduce the threat†. (Ramseier, Suvan, 2010). This theory is indicated as a mid-range theory because it is narrow in scope, less abstract, and more applicable directly to practice for explanation and implementation. The early applications of HBM were focused on tuberculosis screening test, and then MBM extended to lifestyle behavioral changes such as condoms use, obtaining vaccination against infectious disease such as  influenza vaccine (Baranowski, Cullen, Nicklas, Thompson, & Baranowski, 2003; Janz & Becker,1984). The HBM model also has been used on screening behaviors such as: mammography screening behaviors for detecting breast cancer, screening program for Tay Sachs disease, as well as in AIDS and high-risk behavior research (Janz & Becker, 1984) Plan for Practice Integration To initiate the use of the Health Belief Model in promoting and maximizing oral health during pregnancy, we might begin with distributing a survey or questionnaire for each woman during the prenatal visit. The purposes of questionnaire are: (1) To explore oral health practices and utilization of dental care; and (2) To examine women’s use of dental service and frequency of dental visits during pregnancy. The questionnaire includes demographic data (i.e., age, marital status, educational level, annual house hold income, and dental insurance). It also includes questions regarding oral health hygiene practices (i.e., frequency of brushing and flossing). In addition, the frequency of dental visits before and during pregnancy, reason for dental visit, questions regarding any instructions received from health care providers about oral health care, safety of oral treatment during pregnancy, knowledge of common oral health problem during pregnancy, and associations between poor matern al oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes would also be covered. Questions about barriers to dental care or reasons they do not visit the dentist would be explored. After collecting the survey from the women, the midwife or health care provider should discuss and provide teaching about oral health practices, the importance and safety of dental visits, and provide knowledge of oral health and pregnancy outcomes associated with poor oral health. This information should be provided at every prenatal visit. The Health Belief Model would be explained in an educational session for midwife and health care provider (MD and dentist) using visual aids, including posters and handouts of the HBM construct. This educational session includes information about the theory in general, constructs and its relationships, also how this model was used in research and practice previously, and then how this model might be used and applied in maximizing and promoting oral health during pregnancy. A better understanding of the HBM from the midwife will  enable them to use it in predicting and screening a patient’s oral health and related behaviors. In-person counseling could address each woman’s baseline belief regarding susceptibility to oral infection (i.e., gingivitis, peridonitis and dental caries), as well as benefits and barriers to the dental clinic visit and screening. By the end of the educational session, certain outcome objectives should be assessed. These outcome objectives would be: (1) By the end of the session, 100% of the midwives and health care providers will be able to describe the HBM and its constructs in their own words; and (2) By the end of the session, 100% of the health care providers and midwives will be able to assist individual clients to develop and maintain oral hygiene behaviors. These objectives could be measured by assessing learner expectations regarding the sessions, asking questions, and having each one state their answers, as well as provide effective feedback to each answer from the participants. Several factors influencing the practice issues were understood by using the HBM in this practicum situation. The concept of â€Å"perceived susceptibility† includes all pregnant women because of the hormonal fluctuations that occur during pregnancy, in addition to personal characteristics related to income, poor habits, inadequate dental hygiene and related behaviors. The concept of â€Å"perceived severity† is important in that if woman are made aware of poor pregnancy outcomes related to poor oral health, they may be more inclined to engage in healthy behaviors. The concept of â€Å"perceived benefits† are instrumental and correlate with healthy behaviors and healthy outcomes, which is the desire of most pregnant women. The concept of â€Å"perceived barriers† is important to address. While the cost of dental care may be discouraging and many may fear the pain involved in dental health (i.e., injections, fillings), the cost and disappointment of poor pregnancy outcomes may far exceed these perceived barriers. â€Å"Cues to action† are employed through education and counseling the patient regarding the many benefits and risks regarding adequate and a lack of oral hygiene, as it affects their pregnancy outcome. The concept of â€Å"self-efficacy† is important, as women become empowered to make positive life-style behavioral changes which positively impact their pregnancies. References Barak, S., Oettinger, B., Machetie, E., Peled, M., & Ohel, G. (2003). Common oral manifestations during pregnancy: A review. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 58(9), 624-628. Baranowski, Cullen, K., Nicklas, T., Thompson, D., & Baranowski, J.( 2003). Are current Health behavioral change models helpful in guiding prevention of weight gain efforts? Obesity research; 11. Janz & Becker. (1984). The Health Belief Model: A decade later. Health education quarterly.11 (1):1-47. Jeffcoat, M., Geurs, N., Reddy, M., Cliver, S., Goldenberg, R., & Hauth, J. (2001). Periodontal infection and preterm birth: Results of a prospective study. Journal of the American Dental Association,132, 875-880. Behrman, R., & Butler, A. (2007). Preterm birth: Causes, consequences and prevention. National Academic Press, Washington, DC. Retrieved on November 3, 2011 from http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11622&page=398. Martin, J., Hamilton, B., Sutton, P., Ventura, S., Mathews, T., Kirmeyer, S., & Osterman, M. (2010). Births: Final data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Reports. 58(24), 1-88. Montano, D., & Kasorzyk, D. (2008). Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. In K. Glanz, B. Rimer, & K. Viswanath (Eds.). Health Behavior and Health Education Theory Research and Practice (4th ed.), USA: Jossey-Bas, pp. 67-95. Ramseier, C., & Suvan, J.(2010). Health behavior change in dental practice. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. Russel, S., & Mayberry, L. (2008). Pregnancy and oral health: A review and recommendations to Reduce gaps in practice and research. The American Journal of Child Health Nursing,33(1), pp. 32-7. Prochaska, J., Redding, C., & Evers, K. (2002). The Transtheoretical model and stages of change. In K. Glanz, B. Rimer, & K. Viswanath (Eds.) Health Behavior and Health Education Theory Research and Practice (4th ed.). USA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 97-121. Varney, H., Kriebs, J., & Gegor, C. (2004). Varney’s midwifery (4th ed). Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Weinstein, N., Sandman, P., & Blalock, S. (2002). The precaution adoption process model. In K. Glanz, B. Rimer, & K. Viswanath (Eds.) Health Behavior and Health Education Theory, Research, and Practice (4th ed.). USA: Jossey-Bas, pp. 123-147.