Teens and Domestic Violence - 1336 Words

In today’s society, teens are becoming more and more involved in domestic violence. No one would have thought that we would have a problem with domestic violence in our generation, that we left that back in the ancient times. We have overlooked domestic violence, we thought that it wasn’t an important matter but now in the past decade it has increased rapidly. In this paper, I will discuss whether or not teens are being physically and emotionally hurt in relationships are because when they were younger they were abused , whether this could be a reason why they are more drawn to becoming introduced to domestic violence. A physical, sexual, or psychological\emotional violence within a dating relationship as well as stalking. It can occur in a person or electronically and may occur between a current or former dating partner. Domestic violence can be in so many different forms, it doesn’t have to be your partner or former partner it can be between family members, or even a friend. Teens that are victims of domestic violence are not just females, males are just as likely to become abused in relationships. Sometimes not everyone report being abused it Teens are not the only age group that can experience domestic violence, adults and children can also be victims of domestic violence. Mostly teens are more commonly involved in these incidents because they are more venerable and are looking for the attention that they are not getting from home. Forty percent of teenage girl’s agesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Teens1386 Words   |  6 Pagesform of domestic violence within a relationship before they turn 25. Out of these people, only 1 out of every 3 will tell someone about it (PDVG). Dating violence among teenagers has risen alarmingly in the past few years, and unfortunately many people in this age group do not have the maturity or common sense to recognize warning signs of an unhealthy relationship. Due to this, many teenagers become trapped in toxic relationships and it can damage them mentally and physically. Domestic violence amongstRead MoreDomestic Violence : The United States And Around The World Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesKnowledge of domestic violence is becoming prevalent in the United States and around the world. Family violence, teen dating violence and intimate partner violence are being talked about openly more; they are also becoming known as abuse and not something that is just â€Å"ok† or â€Å"just how a person is†. Beliefs and laws are changing toward nonviolence as discussed in this report. There are several different types of domestic violence that affect people today. According to â€Å"justice.gov† (2014), domestic violenceRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence944 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem with dating violence is that it s becoming more common within adolescents. Males who are exposed to domestic violence are more likely to be abusive in their own relationship. Many people are gaining attention to the situation through television shows, books and movies, etc. â€Å"In the 1840s the temperance movement brings attention to the issue of domestic violence, which the reformers see as a consequence of alcohol use .In 1992 The U.S. Surgeon General ranks domestic violence as the leading causeRead MoreRichard Wright s Black Boy968 Words   |  4 PagesViolence is a behavior involving physical force that is intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something. Also, violence can be against rights or laws of any government or state police. When thinking of viol ence, many people associate it with being aimed towards the black race. However, it goes beyond the black race and it is seen among teens, communities, and families of both the black and white race. For each of these different groups, I hope to show the triggers of this behavior, so we canRead MoreYouth Crime And Domestic Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Name: Institution: Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Introduction Youth Crime has increased in New Zealand and although the prosecution has decreased the issue has attracted the attention of the members of the public. According to data from the Ministry of Justice (2015) the numbers of children between the ages of ten to thirteen and young people between the ages of fourteen and sixteen who are charged in court is lowest in over two decades. NonethelessRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States1444 Words   |  6 Pageswomen in the United States are physically, and emotionally abuse by an intimate partner each year. Domestic violence is a situation that harms and kills most particularly women, children, and families members. As a result, battering of women is one of the foremost causes of injury to women. The growing awareness of how pervasive and destructive this situation is in our society, and the violence that accompanies it, has created a wide variety of programs, shelters, educational endeavors, law enforcementRead Mor eThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States1443 Words   |  6 Pageswomen in the United States are physically, and emotionally abused by an intimate partner each year. Domestic violence is a situation that harms and kills most particularly women, children, and families members. As a result, battering of women is one of the foremost causes of injury to women. The growing awareness of how pervasive and destructive this situation is in our society, and the violence that accompanies it, has created a wide variety of programs, shelters, educational endeavors, law enforcementRead MoreDomestic Violence in the United States1516 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence affects a large amount of relationships in the United States each year. As the times have changed, abuse has become less accepted as a normal occurrence, and society has begun working together to provide awareness towards violence in intimate partner relationships. â€Å"Problems of family violence are potentia lly the most destructive in our society† (Kurland 23). Domestic violence is a problem that begins in the home, and spreads to affect the world around it. Violence is present inRead MoreThe Victims Of Teen Dating Violence And Substance Abuse796 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral studies identified a significant correlation among victims of teen dating violence and substance abuse. Those committing the act were more likely to be under the influence of drugs and alcohol, and victims show increasing signs of substance addiction to cope (Temple et al., 2013). Victims of teen dating violence can have increased problems associated with mental health, sexual risk behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases, teen pregnancy, weight issues, and suicidal ideology (Maas, 2010). As aRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On People1708 Words   |  7 Pages What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is when a person uses a physical violence such as threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and taking control over another partner in a relationship (Understanding abuse). This happens every day to thousands of people all over the world. It’s a serious issue and people don t realize how serious it is. It’s killing people, ruining families, and leaving a lasting impact on people. Each year, 2 million people are injured

Diabetes Type One As A Worldwide Disease - 1414 Words

Diabetes type one is classified as a worldwide disease that occurs at any age. Most often, diabetes type one usually develop at the beginning of adolescence. The American Diabetes Association explains the important relationship between insulin relating to diabetes type one in an individuals. Diabetes typically happens when the body has trouble producing insulin. â€Å"Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy that is needed for daily life. With the help of insulin therapy and other treatments, even young children can learn to manage their condition and live long, healthy lives†. The human body contains a series of systems that have different functions that help with everyday activities. According†¦show more content†¦The majority of cases of diabetes mellitus falls into two major forms: type 1 and type 2 diabetes†. Type one diabetes occur due to the deficiency of insulin in the body. People become insulin-dependent due to antibodies attacking their own pancreas. If the body does not contain enough insulin to move sugar out the bloodstream, high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can occur. Hyperglycemia can be included as signs and symptoms of diabetes type one. Hyperglycemia is often considered the cause of diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association, The prevalence of having diabetes was 9.3 percent of the American population. Approximately 208,000 Americans under the age of 20 are predicated to have diabetes. Sarah Wild stated in her article, â€Å"The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demograph ic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people 65

Experimentation on Animals free essay sample

A paper arguing against the use of medical experiments on animals. The paper shows that despite the many tests being done on animals in the name of medicine, not many are applicable to human beings. The paper covers reasons why experiments should not be carried out on animals mostly due to the cruelty and inhumanity of the issue. It offers alternative solutions to medical studies such as computer simulation instead of animal vivisection. There are various experiments that have indicated that animal testing and experimentation do not give the same results as those that may be seen on humans. As humans became more finely tuned and evolved, they lost their resistance and become more susceptible to impurities and infections than animals. To wit: in the1940s, human clinical investigation strongly indicated that asbestos caused cancer, animal studies repeatedly failed to demonstrate this; studies of human patients had already shown by 1963 a strong correlation between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, however almost all experimental efforts to produce lung cancer in animals had failed (Cohen, Kaufman, Ruttenberg, Fano, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Experimentation on Animals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Runaway Jury Ethics paper Essay Example

Runaway Jury Ethics paper Essay Virtuous Revenge? The movie defines the trail that Jury will sit in on. A man walks into a New Orleans brokerage firm and opens fire on everyone inside. He kills one of the higher-ranking employs, Jacob Woods. The movie then immediately Jumps two years ahead in time. We meet Nicholas Easter, played by John Sack. He opens a letter to find out he has been summoned for Jury Duty. The case is none other than Celeste Woods, the woman whose husband had been shot two years prior, vs.. Vicksburg Firearms, the company that allowed the gun to get into the killers hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Runaway Jury Ethics paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Runaway Jury Ethics paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Runaway Jury Ethics paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Nick is walking away room his mailbox, someone is taking pictures of him. This is where the main ethical dilemma is revealed. Rankin Fitch, played by Gene Hickman, has already begun to gather information on all the possible Jurors that could work the trail. He plans on getting the Jurors that would vote for his client, Vicksburg Firearms. Wendell Roar, the attorney that represents Celeste, also decides to hire a Jury consultant like Fitch. He chooses a man that came down from Philadelphia, named Lawrence, to do the Job. In the midst of the movie unfolding, we also find out that Nick has been chosen as Juror #9. When Nick arrives home later that night, He greets Marble, and we learn that are trying to sway the Jury as well. They are trying to make money by selling the Jurors votes to the highest paying side. There are 3 different sides working this trail, each wanting to win for their own reasons. Is this idea of swaying a Jury ethical? The three theories of ethical behavior that most apply to this movie are Rights Theory, Utilitarianism, and Justice and Fairness. I will apply these separate theories to try and answer this question. The first theory I want to take a look at is Justice and Fairness. The whole trial is about whether Mrs.. Woods deserved to be compensated for her husbands death. She was taking on a Gun manufacturer, not the specific person that shot her husband. Her attorney claimed that Vicksburg Firearms werent checking store sells. Therefore allowing people to buy as many guns as they wanted. They claimed people were buying these guns in large amounts, to sell on the black market. Of course, Vicksburg attorneys argued that the company had been checking up on different sales. They argued the fact that it wasnt there fault her husband was injured. They also argued the fact that the shooter was the real cause and was dead. So the question, in regards to whether Mrs.. Woods deserved the money or not, can actually be found by looking at compensatory Justice. If Vicksburg Firearms was negligent to where their guns were being sold, then it might be their fault that the gunman was able to acquire a gun. This is the reason that Finch was hired. The company knew that there was a slight chance they could lose and have their reputation, and money, deteriorate. Is this any reason that a Jury should be looked at as votes? Is it something that can be bought or manipulated to go a certain way? The answer is no. Rails theory of fairness pulls many different approaches of Justice into two principals. The first principle, the principle of equal liberty, is the greater of the two. It states that liberties must be protected from invasion of others and must be equal to those of others. This simply means that everyone deserves equal treatment. So the Jury should be protected from outside, and inside, invasion. Therefore they are tightly linked to duties. That is why I am going to look at rights theory next. Rights theory defined is an individuals entitlement to do something. Moral rights and Legal sights are different, but when trying to swing the Juror votes, both are violated. Using the legal rights system, it permits a person to act a certain way. That is why the Jurors are allowed to Judge whether someone is guilty or innocent. Moral Rights are entitlements based on moral standards independent of a legal system. That is why someone trying to swing the vote is wrong. These people are independent of the legal system but still feel that they can control others rights. An easier way to look at it is; if I have a right to do something, others have a duty to not interfere with that eight. Because these Jurors are fulfilling a legal right and their moral rights are being jeopardized, both of their rights are being infringed upon. Moral rights, in particular, provide individuals with equality and autonomy. One cannot subject others to their wishes. Finch does not do this subtly. He gives many of the Jurors ultimatums by digging up dirt in their past, and also causing problems. Two of these situations stood out very clear to me. The first was when Finchs henchman told Kick that he knew about her abortion. That he knew the baby wasnt her husbands and if she didnt vote his way, her husband would find out. The next situation was when Finch set Mills husband up to get arrested. Mill was told that if she didnt vote for Vicksburg, her husband wouldnt be released. These tactics are morally and legally wrong. The last topic I want to look at is Utilitarianism. This is Just selecting the best course of action that has the most beneficial consequences for society. Some would argue that this is the only way a verdict could be swung. If someone from the inside or outside could sway the verdict so that the most positive, or least negative, outcome loud happen, it would be all right. This is where I want to take a look at Nick. He is a juror on the case and has his own agenda. He plays both sides but his intentions are made clear at the very end of the movie. Nick had been in Middle school when someone came in and shot up the school. He wasnt able to save Marbles twin sister and always thought it was his fault. When the town he was from tried to sue the gun manufacturer, they lost and went bankrupt. Finch was the Jury Consultant for the gun company. Nick worked with Marble on this trail and they were able to swing the votes away from Finch.

Miles Davis an American Jazz essays

Miles Davis an American Jazz essays One of my favorite trumpet players is Miles Davis. Miles Davis, "American jazz musician, a great trumpeter who as a bandleader and composer was one of the major influences on the art from the late 1940s." Miles Davis was, and still is one of the greatest jazz trumpeters of all time. His style and smoothness on the trumpet caught the ears of many people. Miles Davis was born in Alton, Illinois., on May 26, 1926. For most of Miles's life he was raised in East St. Louis in an upper middle class family. Before Davis got interested into music he liked sports a lot. He loved playing baseball, football, boxing, and basketball. The first trumpet he received was in his preteen years. He practically fell in love with it the first time he played it. Davis liked to play in his high school band and in R In 1942 Miles married his wonderful wife, Irene. In July of 1944 he sat in with Billy Eckstine and his band, where he met his life long idols, Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In the fall, Miles goes to New York to attend Juilliard School of Music. "I spent my first week in NY and my first month's allowance looking for Charlie "Bird" Parker. Later I roomed with Parker for a year and followed him around down to 52nd street. Every night I'd write down chords, on matchbook covers. Next day, I'd play these chords, all day in the practice rooms at Juilliard, instead of going to classes." "Instead of taking classes he hooked up with Bird, playing in his quintet comprising from 1946-1948." After that Miles goes out to form a band of his own. His first band that he formed was actually a quintet comprising John Coltrane, Red Garland, Paul Chambers, and Philly Joe Jones. The quintet was a big success. During 1950-1955 Miles became a pretty busy man. "In the middle of January 1951, around the seventeenth, I played on three recording sessions: one with Bird for Verve Records early in the day, then on my own date for...

Reasons to Study and Get a Degree in Economics

Reasons to Study and Get a Degree in Economics Economics has a reputation (but not among economists!) as a somewhat dry topic. Its a  generalization thats wrong in several ways. First of all, economics isnt a single topic, but rather many topics. Its an approach that lends itself to many different fields, from microeconomics to industrial organization, government, econometrics, game theory and dozens of other fields. You may not enjoy some of these fields, but if you are fascinated by the complexity of capitalism and would like to understand better how things work in a capitalist society, youll probably find at least one of these areas that youll really enjoy. Terrific Job Opportunities for Economics Graduates There are many opportunities for economics graduates. You are not guaranteed a good-paying job with an economics degree, but your chances are higher than in many other programs. With an economics degree, you can work in a variety of different fields from finance and banking to public policy, sales and marketing, civil service (government departments, the Federal Reserve, etc.), insurance and actuarial work. You can also go on to do further studies in economics, political science, business, or a variety of other fields. If youre certain your interest is in the business world, a business degree may also be a good fit, but an economics degree does open a lot of doors. Economics Knowledge Is Useful at a Personal Level When pursuing a degree in economics, youll learn a lot of skills and knowledge that you can apply to other jobs or to your personal life. Learning about interest rates, exchange rates, economic indicators and equity markets can help you make better decisions about investing and obtaining mortgages. As computers become more and more important in both our business and private lives, being able to use data intelligently gives you a tremendous advantage over persons with fewer skills who make a lot of decisions on impulse. Economists Understand Unintended Consequences Economics teaches students how to understand and spot secondary effects and possible unintended consequences. Most economics problems have secondary effects - the deadweight loss from taxation is one such secondary effect. A government creates a tax to pay for some needed social program, but if the taxation is careless crafted, a secondary effect of that tax may be that it changes peoples behavior, causing economic growth to slow. By learning more about economics and working on hundreds of economics problems, you will learn to spot secondary effects and unintended consequences in other areas. This can help you make better decisions about your personal life and make you more valuable to business; what are the possible secondary effects from the proposed marketing campaign? It likely wont help you get a job, but being able to spot and understand the importance of secondary effects, may help you to keep a job or earn a promotion that much faster. Economics Provides an Understanding of How the World Works You will learn more about how the world works. You will learn more about the impact decisions have on specific firms, entire industries, and on a national level. You will learn more about the impact of international trade, both good and bad. You will discover the effect government policies have on the economy and on employment; again both good and bad. It will help you make more informed decisions as both a consumer and as a voter. The country needs better-informed politicians. Economics is a very good way of improving public sector performance and  Economics gives us all the tools to think of things more clearly and to understand the implications of assumptions we may be making.

Organisational Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Design and Change - Essay Example Secondly, the framework makes clear of the choices and the plans an organisation makes and evaluation is easier. For instance, if a company pursued a strategy earlier, the executive can look at the result against the set framework to see whether the plan worked or not. This is beneficial because it provides vital information on sales (Hamel, n.d.). Thirdly, through the SWOT tool, the decision made becomes visible throughout all level of management. An SWOT analysis which establishes organisation’s strengths and weaknesses together with peripheral threats and prospects it faces. These modalities help executives generate strategies to utilise strengths or curtail weaknesses to rip the opportunity and shun risks (Eisenhardt, n.d). On the other hand, adherence to a specified strategy enables managers, first to build a shared collective intuition that augments the capacity of the top administration team to spot risks and opportunity more rapidly and more precisely. It also stimulates rapid conflict to advance the quality of strategic judgement without sacrificing considerable time and maintaining disciplined swiftness to oblige the decision course to a well-timed termination. Politically, the tax imposed on farmers in the countries producing the coffee essentially means that as by 2013, the Starbucks pays a huge price for all the coffee they procure. Therefore, any imposition or changes in taxation levels in the company are all passed to the consumers. For instance, if other countries revenue authorities impose a tariff it not only outcomes in loss of efficiency for Starbucks, but also enormous income transfers can turn incoherent with equity. Economic: An increase in interest rates derails Starbucks expansion strategies thus resulting in declining sales for Starbucks and sales of their suppliers. Consequently, if the nation where Starbucks of located is experiencing slows growth,

PHP Libraries and Frameworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PHP Libraries and Frameworks - Essay Example Frameworks are significant innovation in modern website design. Recently, great steps have been made towards using frameworks as the basis for development. Typically, the code frameworks are a collection already created functions and classes. There exists numerous development languages and practically every language has a framework of sorts. This has extended to front-end scripting languages such as CSS and Javascript. The server-side scripting languages have realised more advanced development in terms of framework. For instance, PHP has several frameworks; Codeigniter, Zend Framework etc. Traditionally, the software management process has been focussed on basic code writing and development of modules. This takes place in two steps; developing software to completion and checking for functionality in the end product. The shortcoming of is that the approach is the same and normal pitfalls are still realised (Beck 1999). It is important to consider the uniqueness, of each piece of softw are and the development process it follows. Frameworks help, designing software as artefacts and means to serve the user needs adequately. However, the process – individuals, tools, methodology- followed are the same. This aspect of software development shows that the process is likely to be repeated. There are advantages that come with use of frameworks such as quality control and following a mature development process.

Utopia And Leviathan Essay Example for Free

Utopia And Leviathan Essay Thomas Mores Utopia and Thomas Hobbes Leviathan each offer alternatives to the worlds in which they lived.. Mores society, viewed through the character Hythloday, is seemingly based on mans nature in society being generally good, and the faults of man emanate from how society itself is set up. Hobbes takes the opposite view of human nature, where mans will to survive makes him unable to act out of goodness and it is man who is responsible for societys ills. Both Leviathan and Utopia contain faults in logic that work to undermine the very possibility for these new social structures. In the following I will show how each of their views for a new society give insight into what their beliefs of human nature are, while showing some similarities between them. I will point to some of the faults found with both of their arguments that suggest an implicit and at times contradictory view of mankind. Mores Utopia is a response to the world in which he lived. The main character, Hythloday, condemns the class system and the use of money in England. Hythloday sees that the ills of modern society; those of greed, power and pride, must be overcome if man is to live peacefully with one another. In the following excerpt we see evidence of how Hythloday describes human nature in these terms and how Utopia has been able to do away with these three vices. Now isnt this an unjust and ungrateful commonwealth? It lavishes the rich rewards on so-called gentry, loan sharks, and the rest of the crew, who dont work at all or are mean parasites, purveyors of empty pleasures.  ¦ I see in (this) nothing but a conspiracy of the rich, who are fattening up their own interests under the name and title of the commonwealth.  ¦ How far they remain from the happiness of the Utopian Republic, which has abolished not only money but with it greed!  ¦ Everyone knows that if money were abolished  ¦ a whole set of crimes which are avenged but not prevented by the hangman would at once die out. If money disappeared so would fear, anxiety, worry, toil and sleepless nights. Even poverty  ¦ would vanish if money were entirely done away with. (p.521-523) Hythloday goes on to say that pride causes man to be greedy and seek power. For Hythloday Pride  measures her advantages not by what she has but by what other people lack. (p.522) In a world with social classes where one man is said to be of higher status than another man is by nature going to exploit one another and always be striving for more power. More imagines a society in which greed, power and pride no longer exists. By taking away the class system and the use of money he felt that all the ills of mankind would disappear. This view of human nature is that some men, those in power, are essentially evil and selfish. If a society could be built where no man was greater than another then all could live together in harmony and truly be a part of a commonwealth where no men are poor, no men are beggars, and though no man owns anything, everyone is rich. (p. 520) Mores Utopia offers an alternative to the aristocratic society in which he lived. More would have us do away with social classes and have man work together towards the common goal of peace and survival. An excerpt from Book II where Utopus the founder of Utopia is building a channel gives credence to this idea. He (Utopus) put not only the natives to work at this task, but his own soldiers too, so that the vanquished would not think the labor a disgrace. With the work divided among so many hands, the project was finished quickly, and the neighboring peoples, who at first had laughed at his folly, were struck with wonder and terror at his success. This passage is proof that man can work together and achieve greatness by doing so. It appears here that More has a high estimation of mans abilities. Utopia is based on the idea that all men are equal. No man owns anything and there is no private business. All men work for the good of the state. This communist society looks very egalitarian at first, but the strict rules in which the Utopians must abide by give way to another type of power structure where men are not necessarily equal to each other. Close inspection of these rules give insight into how More may have really viewed human nature. In the following excerpts we find evidence that More may have found man untrustworthy and in need of social control, or at the very least spiritual control. The vast majority of Utopians  ¦ believe in a single power, unknown, eternal, infinite, inexplicable, far beyond the grasp of the human mind, and diffused throughout the universe, not physically but in influence. Him they call father, and to him alone they attribute the origin, increase, progress, change, and end of all visible things; they do not offer divine honors to any other.  ¦ (Utopus) left the whole matter (choosing a religion) open, allowing each person to choose what he would believe. The only exception was a positive and strict law against anyone who would sink so far below the dignity of human nature as to think that the soul perishes with the body, or that the universe is ruled by blind chance, not divine providence.  ¦ Therefore a man who holds such views is offered no honors, entrusted with no offices, and given no public responsibility, he is universally regarded as a low and sordid fellow (pp.516-518 This excerpt shows the ambivalence that More has about human nature. He sees man as essentially good but whenever an individual has ideas of their own they are regarded as inferior. This creates another type of class system where man can judge himself against others and creates the pride that More is seemingly trying to get away from. This is but one example of many where the strict rules of Utopia work against Mores main argument that man can work together in harmony. Mans goodness is accepted as fact only insofar as it works to serve the whole of the community. For those who do not abide by the strict laws, they are punished through slavery or banishment. More walks a thin line between viewing mans nature as essentially good and seeing man as selfish and in need of control. Utopias foundations of equality are contradicted by the strict laws they have as well as by the political system where heads of tribes are elected for life. This ambiguity of Mores view is furthered when More appears as a character in Utopia and alludes to his own opinion of Utopia.  ¦ my chief objection was to the basis of their whole system, that is , their communal living and their moneyless economy. This one thing alone utterly subverts all the nobility, magnificence, splendor, and majesty which  (in the popular view) are the true ornaments and glory if any commonwealth.  ¦ yet I freely confess that in the Utopian commonwealth there are many features that in our own societies I would wish rather than expect to see. (p.523) This excerpt shows that More is obviously protecting himself from any reproach by the Aristocracy. Also found in this however, is Mores inability to believe such a society could ever exists. He wishes but does not expect to see these features of Utopia coming to his society. I believe underlying this hesitation is Mores doubt that human nature is capable of working together in harmony. The fact that Utopia is presented in a fantasy-like land where men are the mothers to chicks and gold is used to make bedpans gives further evidence that More himself does not believe such a society could ever exist Hobbes offers a scientific argument for the nature of man. He believes his inquiry into what motivates man is proof for his vision of society. Hobbes concludes that man is at war with one another because everyone is fighting for survival. He tells us the only way for man to work together is out of fear. To supply this fear mankind needs an almighty ruler who can control mans impulses to hurt one another. In the following we see how Hobbes comes to his conclusions about mans seemingly inherent evil. Nature hath made men so equal in faculties of body and mind as that, though there be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body or of quicker mind than another, yet when all is reckoned together, the difference between man and man is not so considerable as that one man can thereupon claim to himself any benefit, to which another may not pretend as well as he ¦. For such is the nature of men, that howsoever they may acknowledge many others to be more witty, or more eloquent, or more learned. Yet they will hardly believe there be many so wise as themselves; for they see their own wit at hand, and other mens at a distance. From this equality of ability ariseth equality of hope in attaining of our ends. And therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cant both enjoy, they become enemies, and in the way to their end (which is principally their own conservation, and sometimes, their delectation only) endeavor to destroy or subdue one another. (p. 1590) This passage takes us through Hobbes thinking about mankind. He tells us that all men are essentially equal but  each individual believes himself to be of greater importance than one another. An individuals need for self preservation makes him fight with others for survival and in some cases personal pleasure. Mankinds nature and need to survive cause him to thirst for power. Hobbes hope was for mankind to live together in peace at any cost. Hobbes furthers his argument for a new society in the following excerpt. In such condition (constant war) there is no place for industry, for the fruit thereof is uncertain, and cosequently no culture of the earth; no navigation. Not ise of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing, such things that require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and, which is worst of all, continual fear. And danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.(Pp. 1589-1590) This viewpoint for man offers little hope the communal living we have seen in Mores Utopia. Hobbes use of political science allows little room for the imagination and conjecture used by More. Hobbes argument is founded on generalizations of mankinds behavior, no doubt arrived at due to the time (civil war) in which he lived. Hobbes view of mankind is greater in pessimism than More in that he offers one definition for human nature, and for his argument to hold true this definition (that man is essentially selfish and willing to do anything to survive) is absolute, there is no room for the ambivalence and ambiguity found in Mores view. The solution for Hobbes is that mankind need to live in awe or fear of someone greater than himself. Without something to restrain man he would go on murdering and be forever in search of more power. In order to protect and defend life, man must come together under an almighty ruler who mankind gives sovereignty to. The similarity between Utopia and Leviathan are found in this giving up of individual power for the good of the many. For More, man would give up pride, greed and power by living for the good of the whole. Hobbes takes a more animalistic view of man where the only way to work together requires living in fear of punishment by a greater power. Both seek a commonwealth and both have a higher power to which man must answer. Mores higher power is the strict system of rules the Utopians live by, and a given that most men believe in a divinity who lends further control to their actions. Hobbes does not believe that man is capable of abiding by a spiritual power and needs an actual person to control the power of mankind. Each of their accounts are limited by their approach to their arguments. Mores need to please the aristocracy weakens his idea that man can work together. Hobbes use of a scientific argument uses generalizations of mans nature as proofs for his foundation, these generalizations being too pessimistic to be taken at his word. In the end both Hobbes and More offer little in the way of hope for mankind as individuals. Human nature seems to be inherently evil and in need of something or someone to control it. Both agree that man must give up what makes each of us different in order to live in harmony. Reference Abrams, M.H. (Ed.). (2000). The Norton Anthology of English Literature, The sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Century. (7th ed.). New York: W.W.Norton Company Hobbes, Thomas (1651). Leviathan. London: Penguin Books

Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Essay

Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Introduction Electrical and Electronics products are now commonly found all around the world and the number is on the rise. The amount of such products that is being disposed is also on the rise. There is a concern on the environmental effect by such products that is being disposed as well as when it is being manufacturer. This is because most of these products contain either harmful substance or non bio-degradable materials which cause an impact on the environment. For these reasons, regulations and directives are being set up to safe guard and prevent more harm from being done to the environment. This report would be discussing on the harmful effects by traditional manufacturing and some of the regulatory and directive being set up around the world. Also, responses from the electronics industry with regards to the directives and regulations would be discussed. 1 Traditional manufacturing of electronic equipments 1.1 The use of soldering lead Solder comprised of tin and lead is currently a fundamental material joining electronic components to circuit boards in the assembly of almost every type of electronic product. Worldwide, over 20 million pounds of tin-lead solder are used annually. [1] 1.2 The manufacturing of PCBs In the process of making PCBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pattern is created by chemically etching copper from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, leaving circuit traces protected with photoresist. Etching can be accomplished with acids or bases, depending on the etch rate and the line width required. The most commonly used etchant is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3), used at temperatures over 50 Â °C. FeCl3 is acidic, relatively cheap, comparatively innocuous and versatile, attacking aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and their alloys. However, the spent etchant and its rinse water contain heavy metal ions such as nickel and chromium which are hazardous to the environment and most difficult to render harmless. Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process. As the copper content of the etchant increases, the etchant cannot effectively remove the copper from the board, and it is consi... ...le. This also reduced the assembly time and lowered the production cost [17][18] References: [1] http://www.epa.gov [2] http://www.lsc.cc.mn.us/lib/classes/emuseum/disposal/disposal.html [3] http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/lead.htm [4] http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html [5] http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/mercury.htm [6]http://home.datacomm.ch/raabe/e_ee_1.pdf#search='DIRECTIVE%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN%20PARLIAMENT%20AND%20OF%20THE%20COUNCIL' [7] http://www.entecuk.com/client/ec/fr_appendixa.html#1 [8] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/ [9] http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/weee.pdf [10] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/finalrohs.pdf [11] http://www.2001elec.co.uk/RoHS/index.htm [12] http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/solder/solderfact.pdf [13] http://www.eia.org/new_policy/environment.phtm [14] http://www.iaer.org/communications/NL0200.html [15] http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/spheres_ehp.htm [16] http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265-1058179.html [17] Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Conference Summary Report, Environmental Health Center, 1998 [18] Gertsakis, Ryan & Hoy, 1996 http://www.rsc.org On Rohs: References for my part. Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Essay Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Introduction Electrical and Electronics products are now commonly found all around the world and the number is on the rise. The amount of such products that is being disposed is also on the rise. There is a concern on the environmental effect by such products that is being disposed as well as when it is being manufacturer. This is because most of these products contain either harmful substance or non bio-degradable materials which cause an impact on the environment. For these reasons, regulations and directives are being set up to safe guard and prevent more harm from being done to the environment. This report would be discussing on the harmful effects by traditional manufacturing and some of the regulatory and directive being set up around the world. Also, responses from the electronics industry with regards to the directives and regulations would be discussed. 1 Traditional manufacturing of electronic equipments 1.1 The use of soldering lead Solder comprised of tin and lead is currently a fundamental material joining electronic components to circuit boards in the assembly of almost every type of electronic product. Worldwide, over 20 million pounds of tin-lead solder are used annually. [1] 1.2 The manufacturing of PCBs In the process of making PCBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pattern is created by chemically etching copper from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, leaving circuit traces protected with photoresist. Etching can be accomplished with acids or bases, depending on the etch rate and the line width required. The most commonly used etchant is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3), used at temperatures over 50 Â °C. FeCl3 is acidic, relatively cheap, comparatively innocuous and versatile, attacking aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and their alloys. However, the spent etchant and its rinse water contain heavy metal ions such as nickel and chromium which are hazardous to the environment and most difficult to render harmless. Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process. As the copper content of the etchant increases, the etchant cannot effectively remove the copper from the board, and it is consi... ...le. This also reduced the assembly time and lowered the production cost [17][18] References: [1] http://www.epa.gov [2] http://www.lsc.cc.mn.us/lib/classes/emuseum/disposal/disposal.html [3] http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/lead.htm [4] http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html [5] http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/mercury.htm [6]http://home.datacomm.ch/raabe/e_ee_1.pdf#search='DIRECTIVE%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN%20PARLIAMENT%20AND%20OF%20THE%20COUNCIL' [7] http://www.entecuk.com/client/ec/fr_appendixa.html#1 [8] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/ [9] http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/weee.pdf [10] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/finalrohs.pdf [11] http://www.2001elec.co.uk/RoHS/index.htm [12] http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/solder/solderfact.pdf [13] http://www.eia.org/new_policy/environment.phtm [14] http://www.iaer.org/communications/NL0200.html [15] http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/spheres_ehp.htm [16] http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265-1058179.html [17] Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Conference Summary Report, Environmental Health Center, 1998 [18] Gertsakis, Ryan & Hoy, 1996 http://www.rsc.org On Rohs: References for my part.

Leaves of Grass

Walt Whitman was born in 1819 and died in 1892. He has been proclaimed as one of the greatest American poets to ever live. His work has been considered both enlightened and controversial. His work has been well received all over the world and translated into over twenty-five languages. He wrote of American life, including the very dark period of American history, the Civil War or also referred to as the War Between the States. His book of poems, Leaves of Grass, which he self published has become a classic especially in reference to the Civil War. â€Å"Aroused and angry, I thought to beat the alarum, and urge relentless war; But soon my fingers fail’d me, my face droop’d, and I resign’d myself, To sit by the wounded and soothe them, or silently watch the dead.† (Whitman 110) The above quote is the first lines of the poem, Drum Taps by Walt Whitman. It is but many of the poems of Leaves of Grass that Whitman wrote as he agonized over the war as it was written during the beginning of the war. It is hard to always look upon Civil War literature as only that which follows the years after the war ceased. Whitman was an essayist and a journalist as well as a poet. He wrote of the things he saw not only in his hometown but also in what he observed as he followed the war through travels and reading. A conflict of great sadness, the deepest tragedy of the Civil War was the country been torn in two by the differing of opinions of both sides but the war was among Americans, Americans fighting Americans. â€Å"Central to this task is his revaluation of the print medium, which he previously viewed as a barrier between himself and his readers, but which he now figures, in â€Å"As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life,† as deconstructing his culture's boundary-oriented notion of embodiment. Whitman does not unequivocally embrace this new model of fluidity, however. Instead, he balances fluidity and difference to illustrate for the reader both â€Å"[t]he desire to lose and the fear of losing the boundary lines in force around . . . sexual definition† (156). The 1867 Leaves of Grass, which incorporates the Civil War volume Drum-Taps ( 1865), extends Whitman's critique of the oedipal system to its patriarchal foundation.† (Maslan 131) It had been suggested that Whitman had fallen into decline after 1865 as if the views of the war and the internal strife of his country seemed to cripple him as a poet. Through all the horror and sadness that he had seen and experienced as if he could not rally himself to write with the same fervor that he did before the war and during it, but it had been such a dramatic experience for anyone at first hand that it is no wonder that his poetic inspiration would have dimmed and waned. â€Å"TO thee, old Cause! Thou peerless, passionate, good cause! Thou stern, remorseless, sweet Idea! Deathless throughout the ages, races, lands! After a strange, sad war—great war for thee, (I think all war through time was really fought, and ever will be really fought, for thee;) These chants for thee—the eternal march of thee.†(Whitman 93) The Leaves of Grass incorporates such a magnitude of emotion and observation that to read each separate poem will leave the reader with the feeling of viewing it themselves but critics have retained that Whitman wrote more to himself, as if in a separate conversation with himself that he seems to be almost uncaring of the way it expresses itself to anyone else. â€Å"'70 in paper 5 in cloth . . .' appears to be a reference to copies of the first edition of Leaves of Grass which was issued in various forms. See Charles E. Feinberg, â€Å"‘Notes on Whitman Collections and Collectors,'† Walt Whitman: A Catalog. The Library of Congress ( Washington, D.C., 1955), pp. xi-xii. Whitman probably noted the sailors' monument in the Brooklyn Cemetery of the Evergreens at the interment of his father who had died 11 July 1855. ‘I see the highlands of Abyssinia' appears in line 14, section 7 of ‘Salut au Monde,' inc. ed., p. 119†. (Whitman 41) A poetic journal; observations in poetic dialogue, as he observes those around him and what the impact of the war has had upon them so that the Leaves of Grass is filled with views of Manhattan and how that part of New York dealt with the northern activity in the war against the south. Whitman was not the only American writer to be disturbed by the post Civil War period as many of them wrote of a country so vastly changed and so still almost in shock of what had happened to it. Whitman was a Northerner but the Southern writers such as Samuel Clemens (aka Mark Twain). â€Å"This deeply pessimistic, critical view of post-Civil War America was, of course, shared by Mark Twain ( The Gilded Age) and Henry Adams ( Democracy). The moralizing fervor of the passage above seems to echo Thomas Nast's scathing Tweed Ring cartoons, which were appearing in Harper's Weekly at the very time that Whitman was composing Democratic Vistas.† (Abrams 8) Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass has seen many different publishing editions since its first conception in 1867. It has been analyzed and critiqued and praised as one of the great volumes of American poetry. It brings to vivid life for the readers one of the saddest periods of American history, the Civil War and the struggling years that followed that war as a country healed and its people recovered. Works Cited Abrams, Sam, ed. The Neglected Walt Whitman: Vital Texts. 1st ed. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1993 Maslan, Mark. â€Å"Whitman and his Doubles: Division and Union in Leaves of Grass and Its Critics.† American Literary History 6.1 (1994): 119-139 Thomson, James, and Bertram Dobell. Walt Whitman, the Man and the Poet. London: The Editor, 1910. Whitman, Walt. An 1855-56 Notebook toward the Second Edition of Leaves of Grass. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1959 Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. New York: Modern Library, 1921      

Inustrialized Food Production

Industrialized Food Production: A Dangerous Path When visiting the grocery store, shoppers are bombarded with pleasant photos of farmers in their fields. This idyllic agricultural way of life may have existed in the past, but today’s farms are much different. In our modern era, a revolution has taken place and food production has changed dramatically. The industrialized method of food production has created a dangerous and unsustainable system. Choosing locally sourced foods is beneficial to the planet, health, and local economies. The 100 mile diet has brought attention to this important subject and made people aware of the impact of food choices. Humans began farming over 9000 years ago, and many technological advancements have occurred since that time (Mintz, Du Bois, 101). Most significantly in the modern era, the green revolution changed the way food was grown. The green revolution allowed for intensification of food resources, intended to alleviate world hunger (Bourlag). Lead by Norman Bourlag, hybrid variations of wheat were bred to produce higher yields and be two to three times more resistant to disease. Success was achieved, but has created more issues. From 1950 to 1999 production on the same size acreage increased 170%, producing 1. 9 billion tonnes of grain (Bourlag). However, copious amounts of fertilizers need to be added to the soil to support this production; this leads to more chemical run-off and contamination of water sources. Another major problem is that the hybrid seeds lead to development of genetically engineered seeds. These grains are patented by large corporations, causing costs to rise and taking control away from farmers. The local farmer no longer has control over how they grow crops or run their farm. Large companies like Monsanto hold all the power. The genetically modified seeds that are needed for the high yields are patented, and farmers are forced to purchase new seeds each year (Food Inc. ). For centuries, farmers have been able to save seeds from their crops for planting the following year. With the introduction of patents, farmers now face massive lawsuits if they try to reuse seeds. Even though many farmers do not want to use the modified seeds, it is nearly impossible because of cross contamination. Mark Anslow provides an example of one Canadian farmer: Percy Schmeiser. He found that sixty percent of his crop had been contaminated by Monsanto engineered seeds carried onto his land by the wind (12). Even though Schmeiser did not plant or want the seeds, he still faced intimidation and lawsuits from the giant biotechnology company (Anslow, 13). The power held by these agribusiness giants controls what farmers can do. The control held by corporations is not limited to grains and seeds, it extends into poultry and livestock. The high demand for meat created by the multitudes of fast food restaurants has completely changed the way animals are raised. Factory farming techniques produce plump animals from small areas. About 10 billion animals are raised and killed for food every year in the United States, many of these inhumanely (â€Å"Humane Eating : The Humane Society of the United States. â€Å"). Laying hens are kept in cages so small they cannot even move. In addition, animals have been bred for meat production, leading to chickens with breasts so heavy they can barely walk; chickens often die from their own weight (_Food Inc_. ). Cattle are raised in small pens with no area to graze. Instead, they are fattened up with corn (Nierenberg, 22). These feedlots are seas of manure and disease. Farmers are pressured by that large companies they hold contracts with to have the latest technologies. This means taking on massive debt that forces farmers to continue producing for that company, even if they do not agree with the practices. For example, poultry producers working for Tyson, one of the largest companies, have been forced to â€Å"upgrade† chicken houses to be large sheds with no natural light, with thousands of chickens packed inside (_Food Inc_. ). As with grain producers, livestock producers are caught in a debt cycle by powerful corporations. Major health issues are caused by industrialized food production. The close quarters and filthy conditions where the animals are raised are perfect conditions for the spread of disease. Animals raised intensively arrive at slaughterhouses covered in feces, which raises the risk of contamination during the processing (Nierenberg, 22). As well, a variety of antibiotics are used to as feed additives to prevent disease and encourage growth in livestock and poultry, which are then ingested by humans, increasing antibiotic resistance worldwide (Sayre, 78). The crowded, stressful conditions of intensive farming, combined with ammonia released from waste and lack of sunlight facilitate the spread of disease among animals and to humans. As well, the manure from these animals is contaminated with the antibiotics; if a manure lagoon bursts or seeps into the water supply, anyone using the water to drink or bathe can be infected (Sayre, 77). One way to reduce these issues is to eat less meat, reducing demand and the need for intensive factory farm operations (Pollan, 33). Another solution is to choose locally raised meat. This allows consumers to get to know the farmers and practices used to raise the livestock. In addition, it is more likely that the meat has been processed in a smaller slaughterhouse, reducing chances for cross contamination from many sources. Local food increases the amount of information available to consumers and provides food security. Factory farming not only harms the animals and the farmers, it has huge environmental impacts. The production of livestock and dairy actually contributes more greenhouse gases to the environment than vehicles (â€Å"From Field To Feedlot To Fork. â€Å"). Globally, 18% of greenhouse gas emissions are created from feedlot to dinner table. Animal production creates emissions at every stage. Fossil fuel is required to run equipment, grow crops, transport animals, and distribute products. The production of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides alone require the equivalent use of over 123 million barrels of oil (â€Å"From Field To Feedlot To Fork. â€Å"). Factory farming centralizes production areas, meaning that in order to slaughter and distribute the meat, long distance transportation is required. Aside from the fossil fuel use, greenhouse gases are created by the animals themselves. Grazing animals, like cattle, release methane. While this is natural, the huge amounts of livestock being produced are massive contributors to global warming. As well, the manure produced by these animals exceeds amounts that can be used as fertilizer for fields. The excess amounts are stored in ponds and lagoons, where more gases are released as it decomposes (Nierenberg, 23). By choosing to eat local, consumers negate the creation of much of the pollution. The most obvious reduction is in transportation emissions. On average, a meal travels 2414 km from farm to table. This is over a 25% increase from 1980 (Roosevelt, 78). Shopping at a local farmers market or farm stand reduces the distance considerably. A study in Iowa found that a regional diet consumed 17 times less oil and gas than a typical diet based on food shipped across the country and around the world (Smith, Mackinnon, 65). Another way local eating reduces environmental impacts is though more sustainable practices. Local farms are usually operated on a smaller scale; livestock can graze on grass, and the manure produced fertilizers the field. Another benefit of small farms if the diversity they provide. Agribusiness operations focus on monoculture. One crop is grown over hundreds or thousands of hectares. A small farm features more diversity, attracting and providing habitat for a range of wildlife (Pollan, 62). As well, smaller farms require far less chemical additives like pesticides and fertilizer, both produced with fossil fuels. Recently, the 100 mile diet has brought attention to choices consumers can make and why local choices are important. A couple in Vancouver undertook a year long challenge to only eat food that was grown or produced within a one hundred mile radius of their home (Smith, Mackinnon). At first, this seems like an overwhelming task, but is actually achievable. Some luxury items, like coffee and chocolate, must be given up, but most essential items are available. While it may not be possible for everyone to follow the 100 mile diet completely, choosing local products as often as possible has many benefits. As well as reducing transportation costs and emissions as mentioned earlier, purchasing food from local farmers helps the local economy. The income stays in your local area instead of being absorbed by a multinational corporation. A British study found that money spent at a local farmers market had twice the economic value for the area than money spent at a supermarket chain (Smith, Mackinnon, 112). The reduced transportation time also has health benefits. Produce is not picked until it is ripe, and often sold the same day, so the nutrients are not degraded when it reaches the dinner table. Food production has undergone many changes since the rise of agriculture thousands of years ago. The rise of factory farming practices has brought many negative changes to food. Rates of pollution and disease have risen dramatically, and conditions for animals and farmers are very poor. The recent popularity of the 100 mile diet has brought raised public awareness about food choices. By choosing locally produced food consumers get a more nutritious product, reduce environmental impacts, and support local economies. Works Cited Anslow, Mark. â€Å"Farmer warns: ‘GM will destroy organic industry'. † The Ecologist 38. 10 (2009): 12-13. General Science Index. Web. 30 Nov. 2009. Bourlag, Norman. â€Å"Biotechnology and the Green Revolution (ActionBioscience). † ActionBioscience – promoting bioscience literacy. Nov. 2002. Web. 4 Dec. 2009. http://www. actionbioscience. org/biotech/borlaug. html. Food Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Alliance, 2009. DVD. â€Å"From Field To Feedlot To Fork. † Cool Foods Campaign. 2009. Web. 04 Dec. 2009. http://coolfoodscampaign. org/your-tools/global-warming-and-your-food/from-field-to-feedlot-to-fork/. à ¢â‚¬Å"Humane Eating : The Humane Society of the United States. † The Humane Society of the United States. 2009. Web. 04 Dec. 2009. http://www. humanesociety. org/issues/eating/. Mintz, Sidney W. , and Christine M. Du Bois. â€Å"The Anthropology of Food and Eating. † Annual Review of Anthropology 31 (2002): 99-119. Print. Nierenberg, Danielle. The Commercialization of Farming: Producing Meat for a Hungry World. † USA Today (Periodical) 132 (2004): 22-4. Readers' Guide Abstracts. Web. 1 Dec. 2009. Pollan, Michael. In Defense of Food. New York: Penguin Paperbacks, 2009. Print. Roosevelt, Margot â€Å"The Lure of the 100-Mile Diet. † Time 167. 24 (2006): 78. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 4 Dec. 2009. Sayre, Laura. â€Å"The Hidden Link Between Factory Farms and Human Illness. † The Mother Earth News Feb. /Mar. 2009: 76-83. Readers' Guide Abstracts. Web. 1 Dec. 2009. Smith, Alisa, and J. B. Mackinnon. The 100-Mile Diet A Year of Local Eating. New York: Vintage Canada, 2007. Print.

How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essays

How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essays How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essay How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essay The British Crime Survey ( BCS ) measuring of the civilization consequence on domestic force is different to the constabulary statistics harmonizing to the statistic. The civilization consequence on domestic force plays an of import function here. The purpose of my research is to specify how the civilization has an consequence of domestic force in UK amongst the white ethnicity. Over the last 3 old ages the Coventry Refugee Centre has changed my life I learnt excessively many things about the different civilization of many states. In UK domestic force is impacting adult females and kids lives. For many adult females place is where they face an abusive of relationship at custodies of person truly near to them. They suffer a long term of physical and psychological. They have nt got any opportunity to do their ain determination and voice their sentiments can non even protect them every bit good as their kids. This research seeks to find the different impact of cultural consequence on domestic force in adult females and kids in UK. It will besides measure the impact of domestic force towards the physical and mental wellness of adult females and kids in UK. Cardinal literature Domestic force otherwise known as fie whipping or confidant spouse force coexists with kid maltreatment about half the clip ( Hamel. J, Tonia L. Nicholls 2007 ) . Husbands who beat their married womans are much less likely to use for lasting abode for their undocumented married womans than hubbies who do non crush their married womans. Put obviously in-migration position appears to be another manner in which opprobrious hubbies control their married womans in the UK. Abusive hubbies frequently threaten their married womans with exile if they do non follow with the hubby s wants or if they threaten separation. Frequently undocumented abused married womans are afraid to collaborate with child protection governments for fright that their hubbies might revenge by turning them into in-migration governments. Womans who cooperate with probes of kid maltreatment and or domestic force have remarkably good entree to legal lasting residence but they are improbable to be cognizant of this. Batte red immigrant adult females face several hindrances to seeking protection and services. Including linguistic communication barriers, negative perceptual experiences of the jurisprudence enforcement and legal system, fright of exile, cultural and spiritual issues and favoritism ( Gabriel 1994 ) . When it comes to the civilization consequence on domestic force Uganda has the highest offense rates of domestic force, 41 % of adult females reported being beaten or physically harmed by their hubbies. This is because related to the economic factor every bit good as different life manners and civilization differences in Uganda. Harmonizing to the statistic the media has been considered one of many lending factors in domestic force. It has been criticized for its portraiture of force in films, telecasting and printed signifier ensuing in the desensitisation of people with respect to their tolerance of force. on the other manus the media has besides been used a modern communicating tool in increasing public consciousness of domestic force and increasing support for ongoing research, funding instruction and bar and intervention plans and support for betterment in the Torahs the condemnable justness system and the public policy. The impact of income inequality and societal construction may besides crate more domestic force to adult females s. Work force s unemployment or portion clip employment has been associated with increased rates of domestic force. ( Natalie, Sokoloff and Pratt 2005 ) Holocene survey found that unemployment was a important forecaster of force. That suggested that some work forces might comprehend employment as a critical constituent of their masculine individuality and resort to force as an attempt regain lost position. Some surveies report that in-between category Asiatic adult females are more likely to see domestic force than white in-between category adult females among some cultural and racial minority groups are attributable in portion to poorness. Some research has suggested that the disagreement between employment and income topographic points adult females at hazard. When adult females earn more than work forces or have a higher instruction making and employment accomplishments, many work forces feel psychologically threatened and some use force to confirm power in their relationship. Many immigrants coming to England to happen a better life to populate for themselves and for their kids but the barriers the immigrant face are truly enormous. New civilization that they face every bit good as linguistic communication barriers their hubbies take advantage of this and get down adumbrating their spouse s that their hubbies may describe their positions to the UK in-migrations service. Different states and civilizations may hold their ain values and attitudes toward a adult female topographic point household, matrimony, sex functions and divorce and adult females may non detect that the domestic force is against the jurisprudence they may non cognize that they have the legal option to stop the opprobrious relationship. Domestic force can happen in households from all cultural and cultural group and beliefs and intercession policies and patterns in handling beat-up adult females should suit their diverse cultural backgrounds. The British Crime Survey statistics shows that one in five adult females has experienced domestic force in their life style and many of these adult females ended their relationship because of opprobrious relationship. . Harmonizing to the study shows that adult female chose to remain in opprobrious relationship because of fright if the adult females efforts to go forth they will be tracked down and crush or killed because of this the most adult females think that any prison clip would be impermanent and the subsequent and effects even worse. Methodology My research attack will reflect a subjectivism I believe this position is most appropriate for my probe because people got their ain thoughts and it will be in subjectivism manner the consequence that I will acquire in the terminal it will non be based on one interview. My methodological analysis will be based on interviews, qualitative, subjectivism and interpretivism. Every interview that I will make will hold different position and different thoughts in it. I will be covering with human instead than stuffs and in order to complete my thesis and I have to understand the behavior of the adult females s with different civilization and belief and faith e.g. As I spent of my two old ages at the Coventry Refugee Centre as an Interpreter and Case worker this gave a good cognition about diverse people and I understand their sentiments and feelings. It will be easier for me to make my interview by utilizing my experience in the yesteryear. The secondary day of the month will be used from books, articles to update my literature reappraisal to hold the best cognition and to apprehension of the general theory facet on civilization consequence on domestic force. I will besides acquire some aid from the Coventry Refugee Centre by traveling on their web sites and speak to them face to confront when needed. This secondary day of the month will assist me to planing the interview inquiries in order to acquire the best replies. For my research I will besides make face to confront semi structured interview to understand the consequence of civilization on domestic force. I will besides utilize internet hunt for this hunt. I have applied for the victim support to work for them without acquiring any paid and hopefully this work arrangement will give me more about the victim of domestic force in order to complete my thesis. I will make some interprevisim to measure the domestic force this will supply me a good feedback about the domestic force and the trust in the constabulary and Criminal Justice System. These inquirers will supply me some quantitative day of the month in order to acquire the best possible replies these inquirers will given to the random adult females s. Qualitative consequence from interview I will utilize them in a two different ways foremost I have to compare it to the secondary information which is ( theory ) secondly to the questionnaire consequences ( pattern ) will analyze the peoples vi ew on domestic force. Consequences that taken from the interviews will be qualitative and these statistics will give me an chance analyses the consequences in order to make some charts, graphs and pies. As I worked as an translator and instance worker at the Coventry Refugee Centre it is easy for me to entree into the Centre and acquire the support that I need. I chosen my participant through my experience topographic point because my subject is based on civilization consequence on domestic force there are many adult females been victim of domestic force in their place states. I will hopefully make my interview at the Refugee Centre everything will be confidential and no 1 will be allowed to see it. However there are some troubles to make this interview. I will seek to set up an translator for them in order to complete my research proposal. Cultural issues A different illustration is research on domestic force for illustration interviews with those who haven abused to find the effects of such force or studies of how often such episodes take topographic point ( hubbies being violent to their married womans or kids and married womans being opprobrious towards their hubbies ) . Research on domestic force probe subject that are private and nerve-racking and because of this have the possible to do farther hurting injury to individual who are already sing maltreatment. It may besides expose implying information and expose single to put on the line. Therefore I need to be to the full prepared to cover with the likely effects of the research for illustration the effects on participants on their households on the researches themselves ( conductivity such research may be straitening ) and on the deductions of the research for statute law. Another illustration of a sensitive issue the false memory and cured memory argument over the past 20 old ages the celebrated memory psychologist Elizabeth Loftus has written about the cogency of cured memories of childhood maltreatment. These memories normally come to visible radiation merely after curative Sessionss with people who use techniques such as guided imagination to research early life experience. This domestic force research is socially sensitive because there are possible effects for people who have claimed to hold recovered memories and for their households. Therefore to finish my research some cultural regulations that I have to take into history and consideration in order to accomplish the best consequences. I will subscribe the moralss checklist and conformity signifier and will subscribe it will give it to my supervisor. And besides the inquiries that I will inquire during the interview have to O.K. by my coach. For each interview that I will inquire for a signed understanding as a cogent evidence for my research. Interview information may be confidential therefore I have to maintain this information and allow anyone else to see it. Then I will demo my questionnaire to my supervisor before I giving them out to the people. I will be covering with adult female with cultural positions, being sensitive to other civilizations is easier said than done. Cultural sensitiveness has nil to with the art and music of a civilization and about everything to make with regard, shared determination devising and effectual communicating. Too frequently researches ignore these values, the life manner and the cognitive and affectional universe of the topic. Contemplation I have learnt excessively many things about the research method and technique that are used in it. Having completed this research that based on civilization consequence on domestic force improved my statement accomplishments in a paper. Using and roll uping the information s and illustration of statistics my statements has become much better than what it used to be. And a reader will take my statements more earnestly. My researching accomplishments besides improved in a positive manner during this research proposal. In old researches for my survey I used to lodge on how to garner information but now I am able to utilize a mostly different of beginnings I can now understanding the subject more widely and it besides helps me to do a better statement. In my sentiment this research my best research paper that I dine in my life the class that I will acquire for it might non demo a good class but what I learned from it will profit for my hereafter researches. I spent approximately two yearss merely for making so existent research. It will be utile for the following twelvemonth when it come to the thesis by utilizing these new techniques that I have learnt from this research proposal my statements will hopefully more clearer and will be more evident. How to compose a research proposal will profit me in future lessons in my life from this position of benefit I will be able to give good illustrations about the subject that I do I will besides be able to give and make a better statement for research proposal. When you come to the decision for your research you than get down believing that you have achieved something that will be utile in future to back up your surveies. To make my thesis I have to remain focus on my chosen subject in order to finish it by utilizing different accomplishments that I have learned from this research proposal.

The Best AP Psychology Notes to Study With

The Best AP Psychology Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Note-taking can get disorganized even for the most conscientious among us. It's hard to sort through a whole year's worth of material, especially in an AP class that covers a wide range of topics and theories. This article is intended to serve as a one-stop-shop for comprehensive notes on all the topics covered in AP Psychology. Whether you lost your class notes on cognition or just want an easier way to see everything in one place, the links in this article will help make your study process more focused and less stressful! How to Use These AP Psychology Notes You can use these notes as study aids for in-class tests or to review for the final exam. Supplement them with resources you’ve gotten from your teacher in class and other notes you’ve taken throughout the year. If you know that there’s an especially great explanation of a certain concept in your textbook, use that to help you review as well. You might also consider buying a review book if you're looking for more guidance in planning out your studying (see my article on the best AP Psychology books). If you're studying for the AP test as a whole, take a diagnostic practice test before diving into these notes. That way you can see where you're making the most mistakes and focus your studying on the appropriate areas. Taking practice tests at regular intervals throughout the study process will give you a better idea of whether or not you’re absorbing the material. Real-time practice tests will also help you get used to managing your time effectively so that you’re prepared for the way the final exam is structured. You’ll be answering 100 multiple-choice questions in 70 minutes, so appropriate pacing is critical! In the next section, I’ll go through a list of all the topics that are covered in AP Psychology and provide links to online notes for all of them. Don't forget to time your practice tests! And if you use a weird old-timey stopwatch like this one, make sure you know how to divide by five. AP Psychology Notes These are the most easy-to-follow online notes I could find for the material covered in AP Psychology. For each topic area, I’ve included the percentage of final exam questions that pertain to the subject and two links, one to regular notes and one to a PowerPoint presentation that shows the information in a slightly different form. The WikiNotes links are more detailed, so you should go over them first. The PowerPoint notes provide more of a brief overview of concepts and can serve as a quick review tool. It’s likely that your course will be structured roughly in the same order as the topics presented here, so it should be easy to find the information you need to study for in-class tests throughout the year. History and Approaches (2-4% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Research Methods (8-10% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Neural Processing and the Endocrine System The Brain Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Sensation and Perception (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources States of Consciousness (2-4% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Learning (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Cognition (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Memory Thinking, Problem Solving, Creativity, and Language PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources (Part 2) Motivation and Emotion (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes Motivation Emotions, Stress, and Health PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Developmental Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Personality (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Testing and Individual Differences (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Abnormal Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint (Part 1 and Part 2) General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources (Part 2) Social Psychology (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Overall Review Sheets Full Test Review List of Terms and People to Remember Interactive Glossary Additional Unit PowerPoints Printing out the notes instead of reading them on your computer is also an option. If you think you'll need to highlight important points, it's probably a good idea! AP Psychology Study Strategies Learning all of this information might be tough if you don't have a game plan. Here are some tips for getting the most out of your time. Tip #1: Flashcards Are Your Friends To succeed in AP Psychology, you must have excellent recall of a large library of terms. Some of these are constants of human behavior that you didn’t know had official names, and others are more obscure terms for the biological components of psychological responses. It’s critical to be fluent in the terminology surrounding every concept if you want to end up with a high score. You should also know the names of prominent psychologists and understand their contributions to the field. Quizzing yourself with flashcards is the best way to ensure that you’re prepared. I’d recommend Quizlet as a starting point (after you read through the notes and refresh your memory) because it offers many sets of online flashcards that you can use for practice. Of course, you can always write out your own physical flashcards if you prefer to do things the old fashioned way! This may be more effective because writing down definitions helps to reinforce your memory. Tip #2: Relate Psych Concepts to Everyday Life The concepts in this course will show up in your daily life when you make decisions, interact socially, get stressed about schoolwork (very meta!), or really do anything. As you read the notes, try to think of personal examples that relate to what you’re learning. Besides helping you memorize the material, this can give you some interesting insight into why you’ve made certain decisions in your life (or why other people you know may have made certain decisions). Even outside of your active study time, if you notice a particular behavior, try to relate it to something you’ve learned. You probably won’t forget a term or concept if you anchor it to a real experience. Tip #3: Give Yourself Regular Checkups Don’t go over a section of notes once, quiz yourself, and then decide that you’re done with it forever. Every few topic areas, circle back and do a holistic review of everything you’ve learned so far. Make a point of constantly refreshing your memory so that nothing gets lost in the shuffle. You can use the complete review sheets I’ve linked at the end of the notes section as resources for these review sessions. With an aggressive treatment plan, you can hope to recover from your ignorance. Conclusion: Getting the Most Out of AP Psych Notes These notes and strategies should help you get started on your AP Psychology review. You can even use the notes on a unit-by-unit basis if you're just studying for a short quiz or test. Just remember to take practice tests to keep yourself on track, and continue consulting any resources you've accumulated throughout the year in class. I'd recommend that you also take advantage of the information in my other AP Psychology posts (links are in the first section of this article) to get more advice on how to structure your studying and ensure a high score on the final exam! What's Next? Are you concerned about the AP Psychology test? Read this article to decide whether it will be especially challenging for you. What is Stockholm Syndrome, and how is it viewed in psychology circles? Learn more about this condition and its debated legitimacy in this article. It's not easy to decide which AP classes to take in high school. Depending on how many options you have, you could structure your schedule in vastly different ways. Check out this guide to learn how many AP classes you should take in high school based on your goals and circumstances. If you want to avoid overwhelming yourself with a ridiculous schedule, it's also a good idea to be aware of which AP classes test the most challenging material. Read our article on the hardest AP classes here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

IBM as the heartbeat of e-business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IBM as the heartbeat of e-business - Essay Example Next, listen to responses to the ideas presented. The vision may change to include some of the thinking from the employees and other corporations. In the sequence follows reshaping the vision by including the specific details that will give a responsive day-to-day meaning to the organization. That includes elaborating the steps on how to achieve the vision. It states clearly how the changes will transpire. It will push the people to be part of the technology that would revolutionize the world. The leaders are communicating the vision need to be courageous to communicate what is unjust and wrong. That is sometimes very difficult, but the people will definitely see the truth in what you are saying. On open standards, IBM faced the challenge of using the internet as a proprietary sole technology and thus to gain an advantage over the other competitors they opted to use it to respond to needs of their clients thus giving them an advantage (Smh.com.au). IBM also sought to advocate for services that could run on a neutral platform. That faces the challenge of more investment that is more costly and may need extra labor to leverage the technology. Further, the cost of carrying out the research may be expensive especially the infrastructure. As a result, the expected cost may not be as lower as expected. Investing in the Global market has the challenge of diversity in client’s needs, approach, and mode of delivery. That requires IBM to invest in diverse human resource and delivery of content in various forms to suit diverse needs.